PWR279: Where Are The Little Green Men? w/ Terry Adair, DDS

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Welcome to Project White Rabbit,
the show where our guest is the

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guide leading us deep down the
rabbit hole into their world,

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their research, and their truth.
I'm your host, Jeremy Socha, and

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tonight our White Rabbit is
Terry Adair, a dentist turned

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author, energy literacy
advocate, and the mind behind

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the Adair hypothesis.
Terry has spent years chasing

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one of the biggest questions in
human history, a question known

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as the Fermi Paradox.
If the universe is so vast,

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where is everybody?
Tonight, he's going to challenge

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everything our audience thinks
they know about human life.

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And I have a feeling this
conversation is going to be one

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for the books.
It is my honor to welcome the

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author of the book.
Where are the little green men?

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The Adair hypothesis.
Terry Adair, welcome to Infinite

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Rabbit Hole.
Jeremy, thank you very much for

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that introduction.
I'm actually honored to be here

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and excited to share sort of my
take on the Fermi Paradox.

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Thanks for having me.
Absolutely, man.

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I was really stoked when I got
the the pitch e-mail and I was

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like, yeah, yeah, this needs to
happen, let's do this.

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That's great.
Thank you.

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Before we dive in, let's just
set the stage in your best

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terms.
What exactly is the Fermi

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Paradox and why does it matter?
That's a great question, thank

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you for asking.
The Fermi Paradox happens to be

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a paradox that we all have
individually to ourselves

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already.
Everyone has looked into the

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nighttime sky and they may or
may not realize how many stars

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are out there.
It's mind boggling.

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In fact.
The human brain simply is not

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equipped to comprehend the
vastness in the numbers in The

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paradox is is that there are so
many visible stars out there,

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and we know that our sun is a
star, and it's presumed that

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planets are around those stars.
Therefore just the sheer number

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there must be other planets like
ours hosting life may be similar

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to ours, but yet we don't see
them.

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That's the paradox.
It can't.

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It has the name Fermi because a
particle physicist back in the

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1950s sort of offhandedly said
it in a lunchroom meeting.

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Where is everybody?
And so that that has stuck,

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although that's not what he did
his work in, primarily that that

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has stuck with him.
And everybody refers that

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paradox that we all have
ourselves to the Fermi paradox.

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Now, the interesting thing about
this, Jeremy, when he came up

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with this offhanded phrase, the
universe was not known to the

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degree that it is now.
In fact, it was a decade later

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when a radio astronomer, Frank
Drake, sort of tried to make a

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mathematical equation of that,
not necessarily to be answered,

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but a framework in which we can
sort of contemplate each of the

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factors that may be a part of
answering the Fermi paradox.

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And so that's where the, the
Fermi paradox came from.

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And this is important for many,
many reasons.

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One of them is, is scientific
and another one's just purely,

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you know, philosophical.
Are there other creatures like

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us now?
It doesn't matter.

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There's two major breaks and
people, how people think sort of

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the creationist idea.
My, my addressing the Fermi

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Paradox in the way I have it
doesn't delve into either of

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those.
It, it brings in and welcomes

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both camps.
I have a big tent.

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I want everybody to fall
underneath it.

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And the idea is centered around
energy, which we're going to

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dive into a lot.
That's my rabbit hole.

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We're going to take a deep dive
into that and not why we're

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here, how we're here.
That's what I'm going to answer

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tonight in a way, I believe,
Jeremy, that hasn't been

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answered yet.
I like it.

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I'm excited about this.
It's it's always a good topic.

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We talked about the Fermi
paradox and even the Drake

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equation on multiple occasions
on the show.

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I I love Enrico's Fermi's story
about the the lunchroom.

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I've actually read a few books
where it, that specific

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conversation gets talked about
from different points of views.

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It's really, really just a it's.
It's so funny how something so

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simple as a lunchtime
conversation could literally

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create.
Create history if you will.

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That's what we're saying it.
The Fermi paradox is the

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question itself is historical
and it's it's just, I don't

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know, it's just so powerful how
something so simple, so simple

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as just a a lunch room
conversation can lead to

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something where people spend
their entire lives looking for

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answers to a simple question,
right?

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It's amazing.
All right, so everyone else is

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looking at biology,
intelligence, maybe even

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consciousness, right?
What made you start off looking

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at energy?
That's a great question.

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Thank you.
And those are all all relevant

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and they're part of the story.
There's no way that you can tell

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the the whole story completely
without touching on the

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biological aspect, which I do in
pretty good detail.

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And I have a lot of ideas that
also are centered on energy that

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don't appear to be really
touched on in the literature.

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So this is how I approached it
because I've been, and this is

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not where I got my scientific
training.

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This is just my own curiosity.
And I created my own rabbit hole

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about energy.
I just, I'm just completely

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enthralled by energy in all of
his different iterations.

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So the way I was thinking about
it, Jeremy, is I believe, and

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people may question this or
debate it, and that's fine.

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I'm open to these types of the
discussion.

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I state pretty confidently we
are an advanced civilization far

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beyond what people may think.
And just because we may not have

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little, you know, just in
mobiles and we're close to it,

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OK, that does not make us not
advanced.

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We are, I mean, look at the the
greatest scientific experiment

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on the planet is a Large Hadron
Collider.

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We are dealing with the very
fabric of our universe.

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We are unraveling the mysteries
of all of the fields in which

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things interact.
So we are in fact an advanced

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civilization.
So I started thinking we are

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advanced.
We're a great example that we

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have an example of 1 to look at.
Let's sort of dissect it.

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How did we get here?
We got here because of coal,

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oil, and gas.
That's it.

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It's irrefutable.
There's no one can debate that

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fact.
It may be uncomfortable for some

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people and I understand that,
but that doesn't change the fact

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that our where we are in our
culture, society is a by product

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of an almost unlimited amount of
energy up to this point of coal,

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oil and gas.
There's no substitute for that.

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And I would I'm going to go back
and talk about that in great

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detail.
So then I going further down my

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rabbit hole, where did it come
from?

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Where did the coal, oil and gas
come from?

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How did it end up so available
to us?

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Photosynthesis, that is the
breaking point of the entire all

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of life is photosynthesis.
For 2 billion years.

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They were just simple one celled
organisms, bacteria and Archaea.

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That was it for 2 billion years.
Now the concept of evolution

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stems from a even more primitive
idea of a Biogenesis that

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somewhere somehow on our planet
that organic molecules and

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these, Jeremy, I know your
listeners are, are way out there

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on this and they know, they know
a lot of what I'm saying.

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They know and they have followed
that these organic molecules

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appear lots of places, not just
on Earth.

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So we have evidence that these
organic molecules have occurred

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and do occur in other parts, at
least our solar system.

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And so we find that the all of
the molecules that make up life

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are abundant throughout our
solar system.

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And presumably because we've
been able to watch this long

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enough that other planetary
systems evolve much the same

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way.
And, and everyone heard this

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term that were made of Stardust.
It's true.

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We are all of our molecules not
from our sun.

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Our sun is not there now, but
these are from exploded Suns and

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supernova colliding neutron
stars that sort of fertilize all

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of the space in the Galaxy.
And from that dust and all that

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then new stars can form and new
planets form around that.

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And so these molecules have the
tendency to combine in very

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somewhat predictable ways, but
they need a source of energy.

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And early on there's not that
much energy on Earth.

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That's the whole thing.
Planets are not created with pre

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loaded little green men.
That's not how it works at all.

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They're sterile and barren.
They're born out of violence.

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All of these rocks colliding and
accreting together.

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And that's what planet how
planets form.

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And so we know that and we've
seen this now because when

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Enrico Fermi had that off handed
question and even Frank Day

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Drake 10 years later, pardon me,
we just assumed there were other

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planets, but we hadn't actually
seen one that that was, that

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took like 40 years or 45 years
later before we actually

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confirmed what we suspected that
there are other planets around

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other other Suns out there.
And now we've seen thousands of

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them.
So that's pretty well confirmed.

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So that's good news.
But all these planets formed and

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developed much the same way.
They're sterile, they're barren.

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And then these molecules need
energy.

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All chemistry needs some type of
energy, whether it's heat,

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whether it's gradients, whether
they're proton gradients,

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whether the alkaline gradients.
Something needs to make these

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molecules form together, and
that's where the first energy

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comes from.
But it's very, very limited on

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the planet, extremely limited.
In fact, for 2 billion years,

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that's all we had this, this
primordial soup, as some people

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call it, with these molecules
bouncing into each other,

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becoming more and more
sophisticated.

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And then they eventually learn
soft replication and then simple

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membranes form not like our
complex lipid membranes.

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They're very simple membranes.
And that creates A gradient from

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which you can draw energy and
you can do chemical work.

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And so it took 2 billion years
before, and I'm not sure how,

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how deep people want to go into
the idea of photosynthesis.

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But before photosynthesis showed
up, that changed everything.

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And here's the thing that
everyone seems to sort of

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leapfrog over is, and this is my
sort of my second part of my

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hypothesis, if you don't develop
photosynthesis or a

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photosynthesis analog, you'll
never develop complex life,

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period.
Send it.

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It's into the story.
There's not enough energy on a

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planet.
The only energy that comes on a

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planet is the heat energy it
contains already.

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So that's just all the
bombardment.

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You know, people know that when
planets are formed like a rocky

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planet, they're molten.
There's so much stuff crashing

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into it and all the energy is
transferred into heat and it

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just continually reheats the
rock until this magma.

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So the entire planet is sterile,
just as magma rock.

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This slowly cools over time.
So the only other energy, and we

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will get into this later, that a
planet might have is uranium and

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thorium.
So uranium and thorium, they do

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have energy.
Now, that's not energy that you

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can tap into as a caveman.
We haven't gotten to caveman

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yet.
OK, but and we will get to

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caveman.
But caveman can't use uranium,

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right?
That comes very late into this

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many, many years of already
burning your fossil fuels, your

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coal, your oil and your gas way
before you can use uranium.

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But planets don't have anything
else like that.

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And uranium doesn't fuel life.
It's not the energy from which

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life can take and create complex
chemistry.

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In fact, it's exactly the
opposite.

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It's high energy ionizing
radiation which destroys organic

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molecule.
So you can't use that.

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And here's the key of
photosynthesis.

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This the, the particles coming
from the sun are themselves

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damaging.
We have this magnetosphere that

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protects our planet from those
high energy, whether they're

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just photons like UV X-ray and
cosmic rays or actual particles.

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So photosynthesis came from a
system trying to protect itself,

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but it it learned that there's
energy in some of this and so it

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created photosynthesis.
This next thing I'm going to

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say, Jeremy, is going to be a
surprise to many of your

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listeners and maybe to you.
Maybe you already know it

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already, but it is by far the
most relevant chemical equation

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on the planet. 6 Co twos plus 6
waters plus light.

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Now that's the key thing.
I hope you can come back to it.

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00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:32,760
In the 400 to 700 nanometer
range of light gives you glucose

228
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:36,200
and oxygen.
That is astonishing.

229
00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:40,680
CO2 is in the equation and I
know that CO2 has a bad rap in

230
00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:44,240
some people and you probably
heard this it CO2 is plant food.

231
00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:47,240
Carbon is super important,
period.

232
00:14:47,440 --> 00:14:50,920
Yeah, well, that's a bit of a
misunderstanding on the idea of

233
00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:54,800
CO2 is plant food.
No, what you see when you see a

234
00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:58,800
force that is CO2, it's not
food.

235
00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:05,600
It turns itself into a tree out
of CO2 because that glucose that

236
00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:09,080
it makes gives you all of the
structures, the the bark, the

237
00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:13,440
tree itself, the forms.
So we imagine a tree coming out

238
00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:15,120
of the soil.
No, the soil is holding it.

239
00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:19,160
The soil provides nutrients, the
soil provides water.

240
00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:22,680
When you look at a forest,
you're looking at atmospheric

241
00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:25,080
CO2.
When you bite into a crunchy

242
00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:28,480
yummy apple, you're eating
atmospheric CO2.

243
00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:33,800
When you see a rose, when you
smell fragrance, those soft

244
00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:36,920
velvety petals, that is
atmospheric CO2.

245
00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:43,360
That is it's fragrance itself,
it's perfume is made of from

246
00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:45,840
CO2.
That's remarkable.

247
00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:50,440
And so if you don't have a way
to capture some ongoing energy

248
00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:54,080
source, your planet will never
create any complex life at all.

249
00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:56,800
We have a 2 billion year
experience experiment rather

250
00:15:57,440 --> 00:16:02,400
proving that very thing.
But once CO2 happened, pardon

251
00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:06,200
me, once photosynthesis happened
and captured that CO2, two

252
00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:09,240
things happened.
One, it oxygenated the entire

253
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:10,920
atmosphere.
We didn't have that before.

254
00:16:11,320 --> 00:16:12,920
That's what terraformed our
plant.

255
00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:14,480
Now, remember, this is happening
in the ocean.

256
00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:20,280
Initially, it released so much,
so much oxygen on a scale that

257
00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:26,200
we can't imagine.
But oxygen is very reactive. 46%

258
00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:32,920
of the Earth is oxygen, 46
percent, 20% of the atmosphere

259
00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:36,000
is oxygen.
It wasn't there initially, but

260
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:41,400
oxygen is reactive.
And the iron that was in the the

261
00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:45,400
core of the crust, not the core
of the crust, is highly reactive

262
00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:46,840
to oxygen.
And that's a mixed rust.

263
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:48,680
That's all it is.
Iron oxide is rust.

264
00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:51,200
You can't do anything with iron
oxide.

265
00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:54,880
But what had happened is it
created all these red bands or

266
00:16:54,880 --> 00:17:00,000
staining of the Earth all around
the planet, and all of the

267
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,600
sediment fell into the ocean
floor and it reacted with other

268
00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:09,000
minerals.
Rubies and sapphires are metal

269
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,160
oxides.
Those didn't exist before

270
00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:14,720
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis gave us that.

271
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:19,040
And then after it created this
oxygen atmosphere, it killed off

272
00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:22,040
many, many of the living
anaerobic organisms.

273
00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:30,760
But complex life was now able to
use that oxygen through the

274
00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:33,840
mitochondria that were taken
into other they're actually

275
00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:38,480
bacteria that were taken into
organisms and in multiply their

276
00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:44,640
energy 20 times.
So suddenly organisms can do all

277
00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:48,280
kinds of stuff with this new
found energy that photosynthesis

278
00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:51,520
gave them.
And it creeped out onto the

279
00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:53,320
land.
Remember it's barren and rocky.

280
00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:56,400
There's nothing there.
The soil that we appreciate

281
00:17:56,400 --> 00:18:02,520
today came from plant life.
In fact, everything in the ocean

282
00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:07,920
and on land or lakes is 100%,
not partially 100% dependent on

283
00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:11,040
photosynthesis.
Now the reason this is important

284
00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:14,480
is to get to the next story
where all the coal, oil and gas

285
00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:15,680
came from.
That's where it came from.

286
00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:21,600
We're, we're burning ancient
sunlight because it turned that,

287
00:18:21,600 --> 00:18:25,560
that the atmospheric CO2 into
fuel, because we know that trees

288
00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:29,480
burn.
So trees created their own fiery

289
00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:35,320
demise by releasing that oxygen
because things don't combust in,

290
00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:37,400
in the absence of oxygen.
We all know this is just a

291
00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:40,440
common reaction.
So if you take that reaction and

292
00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:44,320
run it backwards and you combust
your, your glucose, your tree or

293
00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:49,080
whatever, then you re release
the CO2 and you re release the

294
00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:50,480
water.
Those are the two products.

295
00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:52,360
So if you burn like simple
methane.

296
00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:56,960
Chapter 4 and and you heat it
up, then you're going to release

297
00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:59,920
in, in the presence of oxygen,
you're going to release the CO2

298
00:18:59,920 --> 00:19:02,920
and the water back.
It's just an amazing process.

299
00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:08,640
So this is what happened, is
that trees were taking over the

300
00:19:08,640 --> 00:19:14,880
entire planet, but no bacteria
or fungus existed to digest the

301
00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:18,720
lignin, the complex molecule
that makes just trees their

302
00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:22,080
strength.
And so as the trees died, they

303
00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:26,000
just settled on the Earth and
more grew on top of them and

304
00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:30,480
just compressed it over hundreds
of millions of years.

305
00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:34,520
And that eventually became coal.
That's where it came from.

306
00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:39,800
The coal that we're burning now
is ancient dead trees compressed

307
00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:44,160
by the heat and the pressure in
the Earth's crust, pardon me,

308
00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:46,040
over hundreds of millions of
years.

309
00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:54,360
And the phytoplankton in the
ocean, which is also powered by

310
00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:56,480
photosynthesis.
When it died, it just settled to

311
00:19:56,480 --> 00:19:59,040
the ocean floor and that became
the oil.

312
00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:05,400
Hundreds of millions of years of
photosynthesis, taking carbon

313
00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:10,680
dioxide, creating glucose,
creating all of this complex

314
00:20:10,680 --> 00:20:14,800
life.
Now suddenly you have, and this

315
00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:18,040
sort of explains, if you're
familiar Jeremy, with the

316
00:20:18,040 --> 00:20:22,520
Cambrian explosion.
Not off the top of my head, no.

317
00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:25,240
So the Cambrian explosion is how
did all these things just

318
00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:27,920
suddenly appear?
Like seemingly out of nowhere,

319
00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:32,280
we Smoled around, you know, just
simple bacteria, then boom,

320
00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:35,000
suddenly it's like everything
showed up at one time.

321
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:36,640
It's like, huh, how'd that
happen, everybody?

322
00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:37,920
That's how it came.
That's how it happened.

323
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:43,040
Because suddenly genetics has
the surplus energy to

324
00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:48,280
experiment, to do things.
Intelligence.

325
00:20:49,120 --> 00:20:52,160
Pardon me.
Intelligence is not a goal of

326
00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:55,880
evolution.
Vision is not a goal of

327
00:20:55,880 --> 00:20:59,240
evolution.
Limbs fight.

328
00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:03,840
None of these processes are a
goal of evolution.

329
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:08,360
The only thing that evolution,
the only thing DNADNA wants to

330
00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:10,080
do is reproduce.
That's all it's interested in

331
00:21:10,080 --> 00:21:13,920
doing.
That's so in, in suddenly you

332
00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:17,400
have all of these new tools to
work with because of the surplus

333
00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:22,160
energy created by photosynthesis
creating these these food

334
00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:24,360
chains.
And that's what we have right

335
00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:27,680
now.
The the lion did not come before

336
00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:30,360
the gazelle.
The gazelle did not come before

337
00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:33,880
the grassland, right?
So there, there, there, there is

338
00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:37,680
an evolutionary process of all
of these and more and more

339
00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:43,840
sophisticated limbs, appendages,
processes, vision, and everyone

340
00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:46,960
seems to be hung up on eyes.
There's no way evolution create

341
00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:48,480
that.
Well, no, it did.

342
00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:52,320
You don't come from blindness to
a fully neurologic camera

343
00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:54,440
system.
That that's not the process at

344
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:57,520
all, in fact.
And here's the interesting thing

345
00:21:57,520 --> 00:22:02,680
about that is there are many,
many visual systems, many of

346
00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:08,080
them that that that derived
independently using the light in

347
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:10,600
some way as some sort of
directional finding.

348
00:22:11,120 --> 00:22:15,000
And it just became more
sophisticated due to the

349
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:19,400
sustained energy over hundreds,
again, time scales that we're,

350
00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:21,080
we're just not equipped to
understand.

351
00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:24,560
This is all incrementally one
tiny mutation at a time.

352
00:22:24,840 --> 00:22:27,640
Does it work?
Does it give me a reproductive

353
00:22:27,640 --> 00:22:31,560
advantage or does it not?
If it does not, it halts, it

354
00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:34,080
stops itself.
If it does, it goes on.

355
00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:37,040
And so incrementally the these
are added.

356
00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:43,480
So what we have is this sudden
explosion of all of this

357
00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:48,160
multicellular organisms.
And because the atmosphere was

358
00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:51,600
so much richer in oxygen,
creatures could grow much larger

359
00:22:51,600 --> 00:22:54,560
than they can today.
And that's that's what explains

360
00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:59,320
the gigantic size of the
dinosaurs and even the insects

361
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:02,000
and everything was much bigger
than they are today just because

362
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,760
of the the amount of oxygen in
the air at the time.

363
00:23:04,760 --> 00:23:07,920
And the atmosphere was like 2 or
like 2 1/2 times.

364
00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:10,720
It's like fit the 40 or 50%,
yeah.

365
00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:13,200
And so.
Extra oxygen is is blamed for

366
00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:16,360
the megafauna of almost
everything that came before.

367
00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:17,720
Car.
Arrows, yeah.

368
00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:19,040
Yeah.
So your, your listeners are

369
00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:21,200
already familiar.
And again, I'm not, I'm not, I

370
00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:24,160
didn't invent new science.
I've just taken something that

371
00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,240
has been underdeveloped. 2
things.

372
00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:30,840
One, the energy required for the
complex life revolution, that's

373
00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:33,360
one thing and that came from
photosynthesis.

374
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:38,520
But eventually one of the
pathways that was taken is to

375
00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:41,200
create more and more
intelligence because of the

376
00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:46,600
surplus energy and other
creatures have intelligence and

377
00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:47,880
that doesn't mean our
intelligence.

378
00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:49,760
This is not a moral issue at
all.

379
00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:54,680
Intelligence doesn't have that.
Intelligence is the capacity to

380
00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:59,640
navigate your environment.
And so sometimes in these sci-fi

381
00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:04,360
movies, you see this MacGyver
like Alien in his spacesuit on a

382
00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:06,520
barren planet, and none of that
could be happen.

383
00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:09,760
And you don't have intelligence
on a barren planet.

384
00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:13,560
You have to have a rich,
sophisticated environment in

385
00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:16,680
which to navigate.
That's how intelligence evolves.

386
00:24:17,160 --> 00:24:20,080
If you have none of that, you
don't have intelligence because

387
00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,040
it doesn't give you a
reproductive advantage.

388
00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:27,040
Our resting brain, even though
it's 2% of the mass of the body,

389
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,480
consumes 20% of the energy at
rest.

390
00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:35,280
And so it's intelligence is
super, super energy expensive

391
00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:36,440
and there's a cost to maintain
it.

392
00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,760
So if you don't gain some sort
of advantage by it in

393
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,520
intelligence will never evolve.
So you already have to have a

394
00:24:43,520 --> 00:24:49,240
rich complex environment in
which intelligence will involve.

395
00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:51,440
Does that make sense?
So it's just a completely

396
00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:55,680
different way to even looking at
how we became intelligent and

397
00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:57,560
all kind of all kind of Fast
forward.

398
00:24:57,560 --> 00:24:59,320
People can fill in the gap, the
obvious gap.

399
00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:04,600
Eventually, you know, human
humans were created or or

400
00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:06,400
evolved, I should say, not
created, evolve.

401
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:11,200
We have the very primitive
Australopithecus and then Homo

402
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:18,560
habilis, Homo erectus, Homo, the
guy at the place in Germany,

403
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:22,720
like wherever it is anyway.
So we have these other pre

404
00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:26,680
humans and many of them were
alive at the same time.

405
00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:29,800
We don't know the exact time,
but imagine this.

406
00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:36,280
It was about a million years ago
when the first early humans

407
00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:42,360
began to control fire.
Now we know that it about

408
00:25:42,360 --> 00:25:45,600
400,000 people.
And I, and I want people to sit

409
00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:48,480
with this for a second.
When I see people, I don't mean

410
00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:53,040
caricatures of Cavemen, I mean
people like you and I.

411
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:56,280
Maybe a little bit hairier,
maybe a little bit stronger

412
00:25:56,280 --> 00:26:03,280
brow, but basically 400,000
years ago, people like us knew

413
00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:06,040
how to start a fire.
We have evidence of 400,000

414
00:26:06,040 --> 00:26:09,040
years we started.
That was the beginning of human

415
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:14,080
technology, right?
There is what started it and a

416
00:26:14,120 --> 00:26:16,480
bunch of things happened.
And this is knowledge is

417
00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:18,760
expensive.
Knowledge is very, very

418
00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:21,880
expensive.
This latest Hadron Collider

419
00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:28,280
upgrade that they're doing is to
try to confirm once and fall if

420
00:26:28,360 --> 00:26:30,960
and you think of this quarks,
what are those things right?

421
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:33,240
That quarks, are they
fundamental?

422
00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:35,440
We know electrons are
fundamental.

423
00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,200
We're pretty confident the
quarks are fundamental.

424
00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:40,400
And for your listeners, your
audience, you may not be

425
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:42,160
familiar with that.
I don't want to go too down deep

426
00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:44,680
down this rabbit hole.
Quarks make up protons and

427
00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:47,120
neutrons.
So the electron is circles the

428
00:26:47,120 --> 00:26:50,120
nucleus, it has the protons and
neutrons in it, right?

429
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:57,400
And the quarks are thought to be
fundamental, meaning there's

430
00:26:57,400 --> 00:26:58,920
nothing smaller than they're
not, they're not made of

431
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:01,200
something smaller than that.
Atoms obviously are made of

432
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:02,960
smaller things.
Electrons and quarks, we

433
00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:05,800
believe, are fundamental.
And so this type of knowledge is

434
00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:08,840
expensive, but the early
primitive knowledge was pretty

435
00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:12,160
cheap.
And you, you make a big fire,

436
00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:14,400
right?
And the next morning you, you,

437
00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:16,680
you wake up and you get out in
the fire and you're poking

438
00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:18,360
around and there's something
shiny in there.

439
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:20,640
What is that?
It's metal.

440
00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:23,080
People didn't.
They don't know right?

441
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:25,840
Now, suddenly you can do
something with that, and you can

442
00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:30,040
find certain rocks or whatever
it is, and now you can create

443
00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:32,280
more of it.
And now you can shape this metal

444
00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,080
in certain ways.
And people sort of already

445
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:37,400
filling in the blanks here.
You can make weapons out of it,

446
00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:39,920
right?
You can go kill bigger animals,

447
00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:41,400
right?
You can defend yourself.

448
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,960
And so this is primitive metal.
They don't know anything.

449
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:45,720
They don't know that it's iron.
They don't know the steel.

450
00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:48,240
They don't know that bronze
actually came first because it

451
00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:54,320
has a lower melting temperature.
OK, so you have you have bronze

452
00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:57,640
and then came iron, then
eventually came steel.

453
00:27:57,760 --> 00:28:02,480
And so these are discoveries
that came from fire.

454
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:07,080
And they also found out, hey,
when this clay is here, it turns

455
00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:10,800
soft, clay turns hard.
And that's the that's the

456
00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:14,760
invention of pottery.
So now our civilization is

457
00:28:14,760 --> 00:28:16,800
turning a point.
We're no longer primitive

458
00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:19,480
animals.
We can start this fire.

459
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:22,800
We can use it as heat.
We can cook our food, which

460
00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:25,920
dramatically changed the the
trajectory.

461
00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:30,080
The arc of human civilization is
just being able to cook food.

462
00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:34,000
So we have nighttime light.
This creates an opportunity for

463
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:36,600
ceremony, storytelling, passing
of knowledge.

464
00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:39,600
It extends our day.
It gives us protection from

465
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:43,880
predation.
So fire is what started all of

466
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:49,120
our technology advancement.
What came next was charcoal.

467
00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:54,480
Now charcoal is just preheated
preconditioned wood that burns

468
00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:56,840
more efficiently and gives off
more heat.

469
00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:00,160
And so now you're able to do
more sophisticated stuff and

470
00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:04,000
they creating kilns.
And in all of this, evolution

471
00:29:04,240 --> 00:29:07,800
comes from managing or
controlling our first energy

472
00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:12,280
system again, brought to us the
courtesy of photosynthesis.

473
00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:17,880
In fact, it everything in our
life completely depends on

474
00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:20,280
energy.
And then we're able to

475
00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,640
domesticate animals to help the
sort of the, the drudgery of, of

476
00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:26,000
Labor, right?
But guess what?

477
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:27,480
They, they've, they've got to
eat too.

478
00:29:27,480 --> 00:29:29,240
They eat the same things that
we're eating too.

479
00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:32,400
Photosynthesis, right?
So 100%.

480
00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:39,200
So we already knew that ancient
cultures were constrained by

481
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:42,280
whatever nature can give them.
Trees don't go very fast, and

482
00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:46,280
it's easy to burn down a forest,
something that a lot of your

483
00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:48,760
listeners or maybe you don't
know, most of Europe was

484
00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,640
deforested.
We burned all the trees that we

485
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:53,280
cut them down.
We needed them from ships.

486
00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:56,360
We need them for infrastructure.
We needed it for for fuel,

487
00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:59,640
burning, metallurgy, pottery,
all of that.

488
00:29:59,800 --> 00:30:03,360
We were consuming forests,
stripping them completely bare

489
00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:05,440
because forests don't grow that
fast.

490
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:12,640
So we know that it's easy to
outpace what Mother Nature can

491
00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:16,960
provide you.
So Europe would be stuck like,

492
00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:21,000
and maybe this is not a the, the
the right analogy, but Europe

493
00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:24,960
would be stuck like Game of
Thrones minus the Dragons,

494
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,840
because that's all they had.
They didn't have anything else.

495
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:32,560
But right below them was immense
energy that no one knew about.

496
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:37,840
So this gives you an example
that we had on our own planet, a

497
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:42,600
biology limited civilization.
Now, that's not to take away

498
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:47,440
from how sophisticated some of
the megalith structures that

499
00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:50,360
were built.
And Jeremy, I know you and your

500
00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:52,160
audience still ponder.
I do too.

501
00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:53,760
I scratched my head.
How do they do it right?

502
00:30:55,040 --> 00:30:58,160
I mean, some of the stuff is
almost unexplainable.

503
00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:01,080
And I know that there's ideas
that there had to be some sort

504
00:31:01,080 --> 00:31:03,160
of intermittent.
I don't discount that because

505
00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:07,520
there are things that we don't
know, but none the less they had

506
00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:11,160
a limit on how far they could
grow, how, what they could

507
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:15,240
accomplish.
And it wasn't until later.

508
00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:18,800
Now coal and oil had been
discovered in different places,

509
00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:20,600
but they're kind of a nuisance
or a novelty.

510
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:26,080
No one really fully realized
just what they're capable of

511
00:31:26,080 --> 00:31:30,280
doing.
And it wasn't until the late

512
00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:33,520
1700s where people decided to
discover that you could burn

513
00:31:33,520 --> 00:31:36,440
coal and release amount an
immense amount of energy.

514
00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:40,480
And this is the same time where
metallurgy was just simply

515
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:43,880
getting better because of the
scale of it and in knowledge it

516
00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:48,440
had been passed down.
And now suddenly you can create

517
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:51,240
steam and that does the work for
you.

518
00:31:51,400 --> 00:31:55,880
That's where the work come from.
You heat, you cook the the coal,

519
00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:59,240
right?
You burn the coal and or even

520
00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:02,920
wood boils water and then that
can do useful work for you.

521
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:09,280
Before we had human muscle,
animal muscle, we could harvest

522
00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:13,080
when we could harvest.
Moving water to turn simple

523
00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:15,040
wheels right, just for simple
mechanical.

524
00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:17,920
Work trading as a rotor sticker
system.

525
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,200
Yeah, exactly.
So once we've discovered now

526
00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:26,120
that you can get energy out of
burning basically a rock, coal,

527
00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:31,880
now this expanded, multiplied
the human effort.

528
00:32:33,320 --> 00:32:38,840
And from this years later in
Pennsylvania when oil was

529
00:32:38,840 --> 00:32:40,920
discovered, I believe not
discovered, we knew about oil

530
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:42,800
was actually intentionally
drilled for we're going to get

531
00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:43,920
this stuff out, we're going to
burn it.

532
00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:48,240
And then you could use it in
ways it was never conceived

533
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:52,120
because of how portable it is.
And that is a key factor.

534
00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:58,480
And that's what makes the coal,
the oil and the gas so important

535
00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:02,120
as an energy to create a
worldwide civilization.

536
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:06,400
And that was the beginning of
the Industrial revolution.

537
00:33:06,560 --> 00:33:13,000
Now, it was pretty amazing in a
very short window of time how

538
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:18,280
quickly we use that to transform
what we have now today, we don't

539
00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:20,560
have to think about it, no more
than fish have to think about

540
00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:23,120
the water.
They swim in energy we are.

541
00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:27,040
So we are drowning in such an
abundance of energy, nobody has

542
00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:30,040
to think about it.
And that's where I think happens

543
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:32,240
in this sense, a lot of people,
maybe it's magic, right?

544
00:33:32,240 --> 00:33:34,240
You get in your car, you turn
the key, whether it's a battery

545
00:33:34,240 --> 00:33:36,800
or whether it's internal
combustion engine, and you go to

546
00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:38,600
work, right?
You don't have to think about

547
00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:42,400
where it came from.
And that's probably why it's so

548
00:33:42,400 --> 00:33:45,920
easily overlooked or use.
You imagine because of your

549
00:33:45,920 --> 00:33:50,880
favorite science fiction movie,
these vehicles going around in

550
00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:57,240
space and there's no questioning
where the energy came from now,

551
00:33:57,640 --> 00:33:59,920
and we're going to, we'll come
back to this.

552
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:04,800
There probably are, Jeremy.
And we know that there are

553
00:34:05,240 --> 00:34:09,360
advanced propulsion systems that
are yet to be discovered or

554
00:34:09,360 --> 00:34:13,880
fully understood.
We know we we, we can

555
00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:16,800
conceptualize there.
There is work already in this

556
00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:22,760
area of direct fusion drives,
plasma drives, maybe antimatter

557
00:34:22,760 --> 00:34:27,360
drives, because these are, but
you don't go from a campfire to

558
00:34:27,360 --> 00:34:30,639
antimatter.
You, you, you don't and see

559
00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:33,400
everyone skip in the middle.
That's that's my that's my

560
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:34,719
realm.
That's where I live.

561
00:34:34,719 --> 00:34:38,560
I live in the middle.
In the middle is you cannot

562
00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:44,280
create an advanced civilization
without having already in an

563
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:51,239
abundant supply of dense, easily
accessible, transportable

564
00:34:51,239 --> 00:34:54,480
energy.
You can't get there and, and and

565
00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:57,200
anyone can.
And I, I bring on all comers,

566
00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:01,360
you bring with me your idea how
you create an advanced

567
00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:04,720
civilization because this is
interesting.

568
00:35:05,040 --> 00:35:09,080
A A Greek philosopher,
Democritus, over 2000 years ago,

569
00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:15,440
came up with the word Adam and
Greek, a means without not.

570
00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:20,600
And tone means to cut.
He reasoned that if you take

571
00:35:20,600 --> 00:35:25,080
some object right, and you keep
cutting it, and you went smaller

572
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:27,880
and smaller and smaller, you get
down to a part that you can't

573
00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:29,560
cut anymore.
That's the atom.

574
00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:34,120
Now he didn't then imagine, Oh
yeah, that that thing then must

575
00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:37,520
have a nucleus and it must have
protons and neutrons and

576
00:35:37,520 --> 00:35:40,200
electrons around it.
And actually they're not like

577
00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:46,280
little orbiting planets.
They're actually excitations in

578
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,120
a quantum field.
He didn't think that.

579
00:35:50,080 --> 00:35:55,320
So you can't go from that idea
of simple reasoning to then

580
00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:57,760
imagine the entire structure of
the universe.

581
00:35:57,760 --> 00:36:02,840
That takes time, that takes
knowledge, that takes effort of

582
00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:06,880
untold thousands, if not 10s of
thousands of people each adding

583
00:36:06,880 --> 00:36:10,800
incrementally a little bit.
Because basically it was late

584
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:14,360
1800s when the, even though the
electron was imagined, electron

585
00:36:14,360 --> 00:36:17,640
is also so a Greek word that
when you rub the amber right,

586
00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:21,040
something because you, you, you
create static electricity.

587
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:24,240
And so the word electron comes
also back from maybe a couple

588
00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:27,160
thousand years.
But it was JJ Thompson who

589
00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:30,840
discovered in the late 1800s
that, that whatever these things

590
00:36:30,840 --> 00:36:34,720
are, the atom has electrons.
Then the proton came next around

591
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:37,360
the 1900s, and then the neutron
is a little bit later.

592
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:39,600
But then in 20 years we're
coming up with quantum

593
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:41,600
mechanics.
That's amazing.

594
00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:46,000
So that leap again, and Newton
famously said that, right?

595
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,440
If you know, whatever my
contribution was because I stood

596
00:36:48,440 --> 00:36:50,480
on the shoulders of giants,
that's true.

597
00:36:51,120 --> 00:36:53,120
You, you have a pyramid of
knowledge that has to be

598
00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:55,920
created.
And so if you don't have the

599
00:36:55,920 --> 00:37:03,000
energy to begin to experiment,
then all of this stuff remains

600
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:04,600
hidden to you or invisible to
you.

601
00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:09,560
And so once we start using coal
1st and then we oil just, it

602
00:37:09,560 --> 00:37:12,640
really explodes and then we
begin to create electricity.

603
00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:16,800
And for, for your listeners who
aren't familiar with this, there

604
00:37:16,800 --> 00:37:18,280
there's no source of
electricity.

605
00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:21,720
There's not like a mountain or a
fountain of, of electrons that

606
00:37:21,720 --> 00:37:25,360
had every bit of electricity
must be generated.

607
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:29,040
And so our initial generators
and we have Tesla, the thing for

608
00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:32,520
that, right?
I mean, he really created the

609
00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:37,840
most efficient and there were DC
generators at the time that

610
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:40,720
Edison was developing.
So they're competing, but

611
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:42,120
they're basically the same
ideas.

612
00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:45,880
You, you, you spend either a
coil of copper around a magnet

613
00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:47,960
or vice versa.
So that's the rotor or the

614
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:51,200
stator, either is fine,
whichever you do.

615
00:37:51,920 --> 00:37:54,320
And that's what generates
electricity that powers your

616
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:57,200
lights.
And so that again, electricity

617
00:37:57,200 --> 00:38:00,960
is doesn't come from a campfire.
If you don't have some sort of

618
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:04,080
intermediate fuel in between,
you'll never get to these other

619
00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:07,840
advancements.
And that's what creates an

620
00:38:07,840 --> 00:38:12,480
advanced society.
And now I do have some good news

621
00:38:13,360 --> 00:38:16,800
because I know there's
unfortunate too much maybe bad

622
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:23,320
news, but there is good news.
We have about 300 to 400 years,

623
00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:28,240
which may seem a lot to some,
but not much to others of coal,

624
00:38:28,240 --> 00:38:30,520
oil and gas is about what we
have right now.

625
00:38:31,160 --> 00:38:33,800
I'm at the current burn rate,
which is a less tremendous.

626
00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:36,600
I mean, if you travel the world,
there's, there's a couple of

627
00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:40,720
things that you'll see
everywhere, cars and lights and

628
00:38:40,720 --> 00:38:42,640
basically all that's coming from
fossil fuel.

629
00:38:42,640 --> 00:38:45,320
I know there's alternatives and
this is not and, and I'm not

630
00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:49,120
critical or discounting them,
but in the big scheme of things,

631
00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:51,720
two things.
One, it's not very much

632
00:38:51,720 --> 00:38:54,880
honestly, as a percentage of our
energy that we consume, 97% of

633
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:57,320
transmission is still comes from
fossil fuels.

634
00:38:57,520 --> 00:39:01,200
That's then that's, that's just,
I mean, if you imagine the

635
00:39:01,200 --> 00:39:04,360
energy it takes to fly a jumbo
jet with 800 people across the

636
00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:07,360
country around the world, that's
burning a lot of fuel, right?

637
00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:09,760
Batteries don't do that.
And again, I'm not critical of

638
00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:12,840
those technologies at all.
They have their place, but

639
00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:18,080
they're also 100% derivatives of
coal, oil or gas.

640
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:21,240
You don't have those
technologies without the coal,

641
00:39:21,240 --> 00:39:22,680
oil and gas for the
infrastructure.

642
00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:25,920
You just don't.
And so again, that's not a

643
00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:28,040
criticism, that's just inherent
property to them.

644
00:39:28,040 --> 00:39:32,040
And that and my point is just to
to live within the constraints

645
00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:34,880
of not what I say, but what
thermodynamics says.

646
00:39:36,680 --> 00:39:39,840
But we have, and this is the
good news, Jeremy, and people

647
00:39:39,840 --> 00:39:42,120
are working on it.
Whether I say this or not is we

648
00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:44,360
have fusion energy.
Yeah.

649
00:39:45,480 --> 00:39:51,240
That's going to be the literally
the Holy Grail for us for

650
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:55,160
decades.
I hope hundreds if not thousands

651
00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:59,920
of years in the future is
because the the fossil fuels

652
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:04,760
that we were granted from this
ancient sunlight hundreds of

653
00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:07,720
millions of years ago.
It does have an expiration time

654
00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:09,680
on it.
It will we will actually run out

655
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:13,160
and this isn't next week or next
year or 50 years, but hundreds

656
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:15,480
of years.
But and we will have fusion

657
00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:21,120
power by then, but the advent of
the fusion energy.

658
00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:23,360
You're familiar with the
difference between fission and

659
00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:25,880
fusion, is that right?
Yeah, fission.

660
00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:30,880
Fission splits heavy atoms into
smaller ones, right?

661
00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:35,320
So basically releasing an
enormous amount of power.

662
00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:45,000
Fusion basically takes lighter
atoms like hydrogen and forces

663
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,000
them together to create heavier
ones.

664
00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:49,760
So like hydrogen would turn into
a helium, right?

665
00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:52,520
And that's the process that our
star uses, right?

666
00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:55,640
Right.
That that's amazing.

667
00:40:55,640 --> 00:40:57,800
So you're exactly right.
Yeah, there there is a

668
00:40:57,800 --> 00:40:59,800
difference in the distinction is
very important.

669
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:02,600
But here's here's the the
similarity and this is where

670
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:04,400
it's amazing.
They both boil water.

671
00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:06,960
Here's all friends steam coming
back into the picture.

672
00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:11,440
So steam water has the potential
of carrying an immense amount of

673
00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:15,480
energy, and it's that steam that
turns a generator and that's

674
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:18,440
where electricity comes from.
So fission and fusion will both

675
00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:22,200
still generate electricity
through the medium of boiling

676
00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:27,200
water.
So what you said is exactly

677
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:34,240
right now, we took a wrong turn
30 or 40 years ago in deciding

678
00:41:34,240 --> 00:41:37,920
our energy future, and it should
have been fission, and

679
00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:41,120
rightfully so.
Fission has a bad reputation,

680
00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:44,400
the the the worst one.
And this is not something that's

681
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:46,480
minor.
This is important and I

682
00:41:46,480 --> 00:41:48,000
understand the psychology behind
it.

683
00:41:48,960 --> 00:41:51,520
It's inexplicably tied to
warfare.

684
00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:54,120
You can't separate them.
That's where that's where it all

685
00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:56,880
came from.
You're right when you when you

686
00:41:56,880 --> 00:41:59,160
split atoms, you release an
immense amount of energy.

687
00:41:59,160 --> 00:42:02,120
And so the one hand, you want to
control it just enough to boil

688
00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:04,240
the water, but not to blow the
whole building up right, right.

689
00:42:04,440 --> 00:42:06,800
And that has happened
unfortunately, or melted down.

690
00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:09,200
People are familiar with that
idea because all you've lost

691
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:10,960
control over that natural
reaction.

692
00:42:10,960 --> 00:42:16,480
So once you have a critical mass
of radioactive uranium and

693
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:19,800
plutonium is part of that, and
that's what makes weapons grade

694
00:42:19,800 --> 00:42:22,920
material to create bombs.
So I understand that that's

695
00:42:22,920 --> 00:42:27,880
that's real, that's valid.
And the other thing is the the,

696
00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:30,240
the risk of the radioactive
material on the waste.

697
00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:34,160
And so those two things really
kind of took it out of people's

698
00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:36,880
mind.
And so we went elsewhere.

699
00:42:38,040 --> 00:42:41,120
But the original reactors were
made for warfare.

700
00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:44,360
They were breeder reactors with
the intention, yet we're going

701
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:47,400
to make plutonium.
And as a side benefit, we can

702
00:42:47,400 --> 00:42:50,680
make electricity.
And so you you can't separate

703
00:42:50,680 --> 00:42:53,040
those in people's minds.
And I'm hoping that that

704
00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:56,800
people's understanding of that
is a little different in what I

705
00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:00,520
like to, to, to point out,
Jeremy, is if you look at all

706
00:43:00,520 --> 00:43:03,560
the big naval vessels, certainly
in our fleet and maybe others

707
00:43:03,560 --> 00:43:06,360
around the world, your aircraft
carriers, your big ships, your

708
00:43:06,360 --> 00:43:11,000
submarines, they're all run
from, from nuclear reactors.

709
00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:14,440
They're self-contained.
That's what we need to do.

710
00:43:14,440 --> 00:43:17,560
We need to take the
self-contained, maybe the size

711
00:43:17,560 --> 00:43:21,240
of two tractor trailers, right?
And take them and put them in a

712
00:43:21,240 --> 00:43:23,120
neighborhood.
You bury them 30 feet deep and

713
00:43:23,320 --> 00:43:26,280
and you can't, you can't get in
them.

714
00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:29,600
Now, once we start using the
thorium, it's not you can't

715
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:32,120
create weapons out of it.
And so this is even safer.

716
00:43:32,120 --> 00:43:36,320
So this is a will will help ease
people's mind about the

717
00:43:36,360 --> 00:43:38,400
weaponization of nuclear
reactors.

718
00:43:38,600 --> 00:43:41,360
We need to use those as the
bridge to fusion.

719
00:43:41,360 --> 00:43:43,480
And you're exactly right.
You take the helium, the, pardon

720
00:43:43,480 --> 00:43:45,760
me, the hydrogen, you smash it
together.

721
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:48,760
You do need tritium, which is an
isotope of one of the isotopes

722
00:43:48,760 --> 00:43:51,680
of hydrogen for this reaction to
occur.

723
00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:56,200
And you can actually breed the
tritium in the reactor itself.

724
00:43:56,360 --> 00:43:58,920
And so it can be
self-sustaining.

725
00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:02,560
You can also breed and matter
and iprimatter pairs too.

726
00:44:03,360 --> 00:44:06,080
And so you can create
potentially an exotic source of

727
00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:09,040
energy to use it another time.
Did you hear that?

728
00:44:09,080 --> 00:44:12,880
And it CERN they actually
transported matter and I matter

729
00:44:13,240 --> 00:44:14,240
we.
Just talked about that.

730
00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:16,000
We just talked about this.
I love it.

731
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:23,440
We just, I, so every week I, I
do a news briefing every

732
00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:25,960
Tuesday.
And one of one of the things I

733
00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:29,080
briefed on was that that trip,
and it's amazing.

734
00:44:29,400 --> 00:44:31,280
Yeah.
I, I explained to them, you

735
00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:34,480
know, the importance of this,
this is, This Is Us taking

736
00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:37,840
something that was theoretical,
you know, of even existing for

737
00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:39,520
so long.
And we now we're able to take it

738
00:44:39,520 --> 00:44:44,680
out of, you know, a place such
as the Large Hadron Collider and

739
00:44:45,680 --> 00:44:47,760
physically transport it over
space.

740
00:44:48,400 --> 00:44:52,440
It's incredible.
And I as far as I know, and

741
00:44:52,440 --> 00:44:57,240
there may have been other
attempts at doing this because

742
00:44:57,280 --> 00:45:03,120
if, if you understand the idea
and it matter antimatter, right

743
00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:06,760
when they come in contact, they
annihilate each other and

744
00:45:06,760 --> 00:45:11,520
becomes just energy.
And this is amazing and I love

745
00:45:11,520 --> 00:45:14,000
this.
This is probably my favorite

746
00:45:14,360 --> 00:45:19,320
equation, not because of
Einstein, but because of its

747
00:45:19,320 --> 00:45:22,800
simplicity and its brilliance,
and because it's true it's the

748
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:26,960
single most important equation
in the entire universe is the

749
00:45:26,960 --> 00:45:28,840
energy.
Mass equivalents through the

750
00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:35,560
equation E equals MC squared.
And so you you part the matter

751
00:45:35,560 --> 00:45:40,880
and animatter have mass to them
and that mass is converted

752
00:45:40,880 --> 00:45:44,880
entirely into energy.
And that that mass differential

753
00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:48,760
is, is actually, if you actually
calculate out, that's where you

754
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,360
get your energy from nuclear
fission.

755
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:53,880
It's what's.
Called the mass difference,

756
00:45:53,880 --> 00:45:56,880
right?
The the difference is massive,

757
00:45:57,280 --> 00:45:59,640
yeah.
E equals MC square just for

758
00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:03,520
those listening energy equals
mass times the speed of light

759
00:46:03,520 --> 00:46:07,000
squared.
So just to think that how much

760
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:11,920
energy you need to make up that
differential is a number that's

761
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:14,600
square times the speed of.
Light that when when you start

762
00:46:15,120 --> 00:46:17,280
squaring the speed of light,
you, you're talking some serious

763
00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:18,280
numbers.
You're exactly right.

764
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:21,120
So that's where it comes from.
And so the matter animate.

765
00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:24,000
And This is why this is
important because just like a

766
00:46:24,120 --> 00:46:25,920
OK, your battery is a great
example, right?

767
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:34,400
Your battery is stored energy.
Now you're using more energy to

768
00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:38,560
create that just because of the
laws of thermodynamics does not

769
00:46:38,560 --> 00:46:42,480
allow a perpetual motion
machine.

770
00:46:43,160 --> 00:46:46,240
Now here's the thing, and people
sort of may misunderstand this

771
00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:51,240
is perpetual motion is
completely allowable.

772
00:46:51,720 --> 00:46:55,960
If you send something off into
space and it doesn't interact

773
00:46:55,960 --> 00:46:59,840
with anything, it keeps going
perpetually, right?

774
00:47:00,520 --> 00:47:04,720
You can't take, you can't use it
for work though, because once

775
00:47:04,720 --> 00:47:08,880
you start to extract work out of
it, then you're going to alter

776
00:47:08,880 --> 00:47:11,000
its momentum.
That's just, that's just the law

777
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:13,600
of entropy in the law of
thermodynamics.

778
00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:16,720
So there's no such thing as
perpetual energy.

779
00:47:16,720 --> 00:47:22,600
So when you charge your battery,
right, it took more energy than

780
00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:24,560
you're going to get out of it
just because of all the

781
00:47:24,560 --> 00:47:27,320
transfers, line loss and all of
that stuff.

782
00:47:27,320 --> 00:47:29,840
OK, that's fine though, because
it still gives you abundant

783
00:47:29,840 --> 00:47:32,320
energy to drive your car around
maybe hundreds of miles.

784
00:47:32,720 --> 00:47:38,080
Well, the same could be true
with matter and I matter if you,

785
00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:40,640
it takes a mass amount of energy
and we'll get better at this,

786
00:47:40,640 --> 00:47:46,280
we'll get more efficient at it.
It takes energy to create it

787
00:47:46,720 --> 00:47:48,800
more than you can utilize for
work.

788
00:47:48,800 --> 00:47:52,320
That's just the law.
But if you create Jeremy enough

789
00:47:52,320 --> 00:47:55,760
of it and you're able to store
it, then you could potentially

790
00:47:55,760 --> 00:47:58,080
use that for space faring
flight.

791
00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:02,080
Does that make sense?
So you've spent the energy ahead

792
00:48:02,080 --> 00:48:03,880
of time, you've got it in the
thermos.

793
00:48:03,880 --> 00:48:07,280
It has to be contained, right,
because it can't interact with

794
00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:11,840
anything because it obviously it
unless it does and you know, so

795
00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:15,080
anyway, then you can take it and
store it and manage it and then

796
00:48:15,080 --> 00:48:19,600
you can use it as a fuel later.
And that's how you can use

797
00:48:19,600 --> 00:48:24,280
matter and imatter you create it
here, you store it just like a

798
00:48:24,280 --> 00:48:27,800
battery and then you could
utilize it on a Space Flight

799
00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:29,800
later.
So that's one of the ways that

800
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:31,560
you can eventually get to
spacefaring.

801
00:48:31,560 --> 00:48:33,280
And I'm going to try to get into
that because I don't I don't

802
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:35,400
want to run out of time.
I want to try to touch on all

803
00:48:35,400 --> 00:48:38,200
the important topics.
You know, one of these things I

804
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:39,680
can go down a pretty deep rabbit
hole on.

805
00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:41,400
So anyway I.
See, I love it.

806
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:46,320
In in in our arc right humans
came from fire all the steps in

807
00:48:46,320 --> 00:48:49,200
between which are fascinating
Oh, can I interject real quickly

808
00:48:49,320 --> 00:48:52,040
we already talked about saving
the forest right oil saved the

809
00:48:52,040 --> 00:48:55,920
forest people it really did it
also saved the whales.

810
00:48:56,040 --> 00:48:58,640
Many of them were already
extinct and or on the verge of

811
00:48:58,640 --> 00:49:04,640
extinction because that light
that the whale oil gave was so

812
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:10,160
beautiful and it didn't smoke.
That was the beauty of the whale

813
00:49:10,160 --> 00:49:15,480
oil and it literally ended
overnight once.

814
00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:22,040
Once we found how to light our
night using electricity and gas

815
00:49:22,040 --> 00:49:24,880
lamps, the whale oil industry
died.

816
00:49:25,760 --> 00:49:28,960
And so we've kind of travelled
that whole arc from the first

817
00:49:28,960 --> 00:49:33,840
humans around an ancient
campfire now all the way up to

818
00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:40,640
coal, oil, internal combustion,
jet engines, nuclear fission.

819
00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,120
We're on.
In fact, just last week, if

820
00:49:43,120 --> 00:49:46,800
you're if you and your followers
are listening, that reactor

821
00:49:46,800 --> 00:49:52,000
burned for 22 minutes.
So we now have a new record of

822
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:56,120
fusion and what that's doing
because it takes so much energy

823
00:49:56,120 --> 00:49:59,920
to get the darn thing going.
But now we're we're able to

824
00:49:59,920 --> 00:50:06,840
extract more energy from the
fusion reactor then it took

825
00:50:07,040 --> 00:50:08,960
reaction that it took to put
into it.

826
00:50:09,120 --> 00:50:10,200
OK.
And we're going to get better

827
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:12,600
and better yet at it.
So this will happen.

828
00:50:12,920 --> 00:50:15,720
It won't be overnight.
And I know that it's always been

829
00:50:15,720 --> 00:50:19,600
perpetually out 30 years.
And this time it is for real.

830
00:50:20,600 --> 00:50:24,760
Within 30 years we will have
nuclear People will be using

831
00:50:24,760 --> 00:50:27,160
nuclear fusion electricity
within 30 years.

832
00:50:28,080 --> 00:50:32,360
Yeah, there's a lot of a lot of
research going into micro

833
00:50:32,360 --> 00:50:34,000
reactors right now.
Yeah.

834
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:37,120
And that's, that's really where
because my Fusion Star project

835
00:50:37,840 --> 00:50:42,600
is a nonprofit energy education
and policy initiative.

836
00:50:42,920 --> 00:50:45,800
And that's what I want to do.
That's really my interest is to

837
00:50:45,800 --> 00:50:49,920
try to help shape minds and
understanding to help shape

838
00:50:49,920 --> 00:50:56,120
policy that we, we need to use
our resources wisely.

839
00:50:56,120 --> 00:50:57,680
And again, this is an anti solar
anti.

840
00:50:57,680 --> 00:50:58,920
I'm not talking about that at
all.

841
00:50:58,920 --> 00:51:03,160
I'm just saying that that we
need to use something that's

842
00:51:03,520 --> 00:51:08,760
reliable 24/7 and scalable.
And this is one of the I'm going

843
00:51:08,760 --> 00:51:10,960
to just talk on this real
briefly and I'll get back to the

844
00:51:10,960 --> 00:51:19,000
main thread. 1/4 of the world's
population, 1/4 do not have

845
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:24,080
access to regular or maybe even
any electricity at all.

846
00:51:24,120 --> 00:51:28,400
Jeremy, we, we can't imagine it.
I mean, for all you people who

847
00:51:29,160 --> 00:51:33,200
well, I don't, I don't want to
say that, but do consider right,

848
00:51:33,240 --> 00:51:36,600
we want electricity 24/7.
That's what we demand.

849
00:51:37,280 --> 00:51:39,600
And yet to these developing
countries, we're telling them

850
00:51:39,600 --> 00:51:41,920
that they have to go solar and
wind that, that I mean, that

851
00:51:41,920 --> 00:51:43,600
makes my mind explode.
It really does.

852
00:51:44,040 --> 00:51:47,280
No, that's intermittent.
We don't do that to ourselves.

853
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:50,840
Why are we telling them no, we
need to get them regular

854
00:51:50,840 --> 00:51:53,960
electricity?
This is 1/4 of the world's

855
00:51:53,960 --> 00:51:56,800
population.
Now, the reason I'm so eager

856
00:51:56,800 --> 00:52:01,240
about the fusion is it's going
to change that calculus for

857
00:52:01,240 --> 00:52:04,040
developing nations.
We're going to be able to take

858
00:52:04,040 --> 00:52:05,560
these smaller reactors, and it
may not.

859
00:52:05,560 --> 00:52:07,960
They may be fission reactors,
these modular reactors and the

860
00:52:07,960 --> 00:52:11,000
thorium, which you can't create
weapons out of.

861
00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:13,680
And we need to put them into
developing countries.

862
00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:15,360
We have the technology today,
Jeremy.

863
00:52:15,360 --> 00:52:18,400
That's what's frustrating me
now, is it whatever a policy

864
00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:19,720
where is.
It's not technology we're

865
00:52:19,720 --> 00:52:22,880
bumping into.
We're bumping into bureaucracy.

866
00:52:22,880 --> 00:52:26,120
And that's frustrating that
these people need the energy

867
00:52:26,120 --> 00:52:28,520
that we want and we can get it
to them.

868
00:52:29,280 --> 00:52:33,400
But nuclear fusion is going to
change all of that, where we're

869
00:52:33,400 --> 00:52:39,280
going to have not free but
almost unlimited sources of

870
00:52:39,280 --> 00:52:42,400
energy, and we will have a
flourishing.

871
00:52:43,240 --> 00:52:46,480
We will have a human thriving
never seen before.

872
00:52:46,480 --> 00:52:48,920
So I'm super, super optimistic
about our future.

873
00:52:48,920 --> 00:52:53,280
I am completely and with the
advent of AI, obviously it takes

874
00:52:53,280 --> 00:52:56,680
a lot of energy.
We're going to be able to fund

875
00:52:56,680 --> 00:53:02,440
that energy easily and reliably
and economically sound and

876
00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:06,360
environmentally sound.
And so that's why I'm so big on

877
00:53:06,360 --> 00:53:09,400
the nuclear fusion.
And Jeremy, this is and I'll

878
00:53:09,400 --> 00:53:11,840
probably end with this idea and
then take some questions that

879
00:53:11,840 --> 00:53:17,320
you might have.
This is where I'm taking my idea

880
00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:22,640
that our type of intelligence is
probably far rarer than people

881
00:53:22,640 --> 00:53:26,960
appreciate, but that makes it so
much more special that that

882
00:53:26,960 --> 00:53:31,280
makes what we are, our
consciousness, our knowledge, so

883
00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:33,880
special.
We have a duty, I believe, to

884
00:53:33,880 --> 00:53:38,080
preserve this and to do whatever
we can.

885
00:53:38,080 --> 00:53:43,680
And I honestly think we need to
be the little green men we have

886
00:53:43,680 --> 00:53:46,360
to.
And this this is this is out

887
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:48,760
there.
I know that it is this is maybe

888
00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:53,440
3 or maybe 400 years before we
create a multi generational

889
00:53:53,440 --> 00:53:57,200
spacecraft that can take 10s of
thousands, if not hundreds of

890
00:53:57,200 --> 00:54:00,120
thousands.
It'll be the size of a city that

891
00:54:00,120 --> 00:54:04,720
we need to launch to the next
appropriate star.

892
00:54:04,720 --> 00:54:07,800
The ones that we see right now,
Jeremy, are not I know people.

893
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:12,120
And this is this is one of the
restraint constraints of 75% of

894
00:54:12,120 --> 00:54:15,200
the stars out there.
Do not create the wavelength

895
00:54:15,720 --> 00:54:19,600
that photosynthesis will work.
It's also a lot of binary star

896
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:23,560
systems out there that are close
to us too, and we literally

897
00:54:23,560 --> 00:54:26,080
would would not be able to
survive under a binary star

898
00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:27,400
system.
Thank you for pointing that out.

899
00:54:27,400 --> 00:54:29,520
Yeah, you know, and, and, and I
appreciate that.

900
00:54:29,520 --> 00:54:31,440
And you, and you and your
listeners are, are really

901
00:54:31,440 --> 00:54:35,120
sophisticated in that area.
And it's nice to, to, to realize

902
00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:39,280
that there's already thinking
there are constraints out there.

903
00:54:39,840 --> 00:54:43,320
But in 50 to 100 years, the
telescopes, the space telescopes

904
00:54:43,320 --> 00:54:46,400
that we're developing, we'll
find because we, we haven't seen

905
00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:48,840
a star planet system like ours
yet.

906
00:54:49,240 --> 00:54:53,600
We're the hardest to detect.
We have that right star that

907
00:54:53,600 --> 00:54:56,720
burns for billions of years.
And we're, we're in its main

908
00:54:56,720 --> 00:54:58,320
sequence right now.
So we're about halfway through

909
00:54:58,320 --> 00:55:03,080
the, the, the life of it.
This given us that's perfect.

910
00:55:03,080 --> 00:55:05,520
And this is literally I, I
could, I could overuse the word

911
00:55:05,520 --> 00:55:08,400
Goldilocks because everything is
Goldilocks, the Goldilocks part

912
00:55:08,400 --> 00:55:11,040
of the Galaxy, the Goldilocks
sun, the Goldilocks.

913
00:55:11,240 --> 00:55:14,880
I mean, all of that has to
happen in such a precise way.

914
00:55:14,880 --> 00:55:19,200
And as, as I said, everyone can
appreciate now the sequence

915
00:55:19,200 --> 00:55:24,480
timing is everything too.
And so once you're able to

916
00:55:24,880 --> 00:55:28,160
satisfy all of those
prerequisites and you can have a

917
00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:33,120
thriving, flourishing society,
then you need to look at systems

918
00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:36,720
like ours.
Sure, there may be slice, but

919
00:55:36,720 --> 00:55:39,880
Fermi wasn't asking about that.
Drake wasn't asking about that.

920
00:55:39,880 --> 00:55:44,440
They're specifically asking
about human like intelligence

921
00:55:44,520 --> 00:55:46,520
that are capable of traveling
the stars.

922
00:55:46,720 --> 00:55:48,160
So we're not looking for
bacteria.

923
00:55:48,160 --> 00:55:52,880
We presume that they're there.
We need to set our sights on a

924
00:55:52,880 --> 00:55:56,760
planet and we may get a techno
signature before then and we can

925
00:55:56,760 --> 00:56:01,120
really focus in on, yes, this is
the planet we need to go to.

926
00:56:01,280 --> 00:56:05,080
And who knows?
It's not infinite, but there are

927
00:56:05,080 --> 00:56:09,320
different ways of communicating
and we understand the our own

928
00:56:09,320 --> 00:56:12,160
electromagnetic spectrum pretty
well, not our own.

929
00:56:12,160 --> 00:56:14,280
This is the, this is the of the
universe.

930
00:56:14,440 --> 00:56:18,080
All these things we're talking
about, all these laws applied

931
00:56:18,120 --> 00:56:23,040
universe wide.
And so we already have the

932
00:56:23,040 --> 00:56:28,760
technology to listen in this
whole spectrum of energy waves

933
00:56:28,760 --> 00:56:32,160
from radio, radio waves of the
longest and lowest energy up to

934
00:56:32,160 --> 00:56:34,560
cosmic, which is the shorter
wavelengths, but the higher

935
00:56:34,560 --> 00:56:38,600
energy waves.
And so we already know how to

936
00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:41,720
slice all that up and we're
looking in the entire Spectra

937
00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:48,560
for signals because you can
pulse X-rays, you can pulse.

938
00:56:48,720 --> 00:56:51,400
Well, cosmic rays are highest,
they're the highest energies and

939
00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:55,200
they come from stars.
But we can create some very, we

940
00:56:55,200 --> 00:56:58,360
can create gamma rays.
Gamma rays actually, X-rays come

941
00:56:58,360 --> 00:57:00,080
from electrons.
Gamma rays come from the

942
00:57:00,080 --> 00:57:02,880
nucleus.
So they're just energy.

943
00:57:02,880 --> 00:57:06,640
We can create energies in the
gamma ray.

944
00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:10,120
So if you go get gamma ray
treatment, that's that's man

945
00:57:10,120 --> 00:57:11,960
made created.
We were able to actually create

946
00:57:11,960 --> 00:57:14,320
that in machine.
We can create energies as high

947
00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:17,920
as gamma rays.
And so we're scanning the the

948
00:57:17,960 --> 00:57:20,520
solar system for all these types
of signals.

949
00:57:20,880 --> 00:57:24,360
And then we'll be able to launch
our multi generational craft.

950
00:57:24,920 --> 00:57:29,320
I'm, I'm hoping within a window
of maybe 300 to 400 years and we

951
00:57:29,320 --> 00:57:34,600
can then send out in different
areas probes that like, you

952
00:57:34,600 --> 00:57:37,600
know, our Voyagers out there 50
years almost, we're almost one

953
00:57:37,600 --> 00:57:42,760
light day away, right?
So we can send them out to

954
00:57:42,760 --> 00:57:45,880
different parts.
And that's not to say that it,

955
00:57:45,880 --> 00:57:49,360
it won't impact somebody
somewhere that Voyagers going

956
00:57:49,360 --> 00:57:52,400
out, it's talking, it's sending
out a signal, it's sending out a

957
00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:56,000
techno signature.
Not tomorrow, not next week, but

958
00:57:56,000 --> 00:58:01,520
sometime in the future that we
will be the little green men

959
00:58:01,800 --> 00:58:06,200
looking throughout our solar
system for life similar to ours.

960
00:58:06,240 --> 00:58:09,520
And you know what, I can assure
you almost completely, this is a

961
00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:11,120
whole different.
Maybe you have to have to come

962
00:58:11,120 --> 00:58:13,240
back.
It's going to be carbon based.

963
00:58:14,200 --> 00:58:16,920
Life will be carbon based.
There's not, there's nothing

964
00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:19,560
else.
I mean, there is nothing else.

965
00:58:19,560 --> 00:58:21,520
And I can spend some time
talking about that.

966
00:58:21,880 --> 00:58:24,360
So that's where the the story of
little green men.

967
00:58:24,440 --> 00:58:28,960
We're constrained by energy.
No advanced civilization can

968
00:58:28,960 --> 00:58:35,640
ever become spacefaring unless
they have some sort of energy

969
00:58:35,640 --> 00:58:38,560
available to them.
You and I have good energy.

970
00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:40,920
I can tell, right?
We have good energy, and people

971
00:58:40,920 --> 00:58:43,160
are familiar with energy.
That's not the energy I'm

972
00:58:43,160 --> 00:58:45,520
talking about, because I won't
fly a rocket ship that won't fly

973
00:58:45,520 --> 00:58:46,920
a plane.
They're different energy.

974
00:58:46,920 --> 00:58:49,920
I'm talking about the energy
that you can turn into

975
00:58:49,920 --> 00:58:52,080
mechanical work.
Yeah.

976
00:58:53,600 --> 00:58:57,400
So I I tried to keep up with
notes.

977
00:58:59,920 --> 00:59:01,280
No, no, no, you're fine.
You're fine.

978
00:59:02,280 --> 00:59:05,400
I like to break things down for
the listeners and I think that's

979
00:59:05,600 --> 00:59:08,520
that's what kind of helps this
show along quite a bit because I

980
00:59:08,520 --> 00:59:13,000
can kind of talk to, for the
lack of a better term, the

981
00:59:13,000 --> 00:59:15,960
layman about some of the stuff
and connect the dots in ways.

982
00:59:17,120 --> 00:59:20,920
So just working our way
backwards here as I take the mic

983
00:59:20,920 --> 00:59:25,680
for just a just a minute.
So alpha, beta and gamma

984
00:59:25,680 --> 00:59:29,520
radiation, if anybody remembers,
we talked about alpha, beta and

985
00:59:29,520 --> 00:59:35,680
gamma radiation highly when we
when we did the man, what was

986
00:59:35,680 --> 00:59:37,800
it?
It was the shoot.

987
00:59:39,240 --> 00:59:43,120
I can't remember what episode it
was either way, but those that

988
00:59:43,120 --> 00:59:45,720
have been listening for quite a
while, oh, the outlet pass

989
00:59:45,720 --> 00:59:47,320
incident.
That's when we talked about it.

990
00:59:49,240 --> 00:59:52,840
Alpha, if you remember
listeners, Alpha is like getting

991
00:59:52,840 --> 00:59:55,800
shot with BB gun.
Not often will it break the

992
00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:58,800
skin, but if it does break the
skin it is very dangerous.

993
00:59:59,640 --> 01:00:02,680
Beta is like getting shot with a
pistol or rifle.

994
01:00:02,680 --> 01:00:07,560
It can, it will when it hits you
embed itself in into your body

995
01:00:07,560 --> 01:00:11,280
and all of your cells that are
in contact with it is what's

996
01:00:11,280 --> 01:00:12,920
really going to take the damage
from that.

997
01:00:13,160 --> 01:00:16,400
Now the gamma that he was
talking about is like getting

998
01:00:16,400 --> 01:00:20,080
hit by a light ray.
A light ray that goes directly

999
01:00:20,080 --> 01:00:21,960
through you, nothing can really
stop it.

1000
01:00:21,960 --> 01:00:24,440
There's not a lot that you can
do to protect yourself from

1001
01:00:24,480 --> 01:00:27,000
gamma radiation.
Terry.

1002
01:00:27,000 --> 01:00:28,960
Am I?
Am I still tracking there?

1003
01:00:28,960 --> 01:00:30,600
Yeah.
It's good, yeah.

1004
01:00:30,600 --> 01:00:33,400
It's the point distinction,
right, right there is the 2 are

1005
01:00:33,400 --> 01:00:37,200
actual physical particles.
Yes, a the alpha is a helium

1006
01:00:37,200 --> 01:00:40,560
nucleus.
It's it's, it's massive 4 and a

1007
01:00:40,560 --> 01:00:45,760
charge positive charge.
And then the the beta is smaller

1008
01:00:45,760 --> 01:00:47,720
mass.
So you're right, it has it

1009
01:00:47,720 --> 01:00:51,040
penetrates a little bit more
deeply, but they have the

1010
01:00:51,040 --> 01:00:54,080
potential.
This what happens is it damages

1011
01:00:54,080 --> 01:00:55,680
molecular bonds.
That's exactly right.

1012
01:00:55,680 --> 01:00:58,760
Yes, and it actually causes a
chain reaction of of damage to

1013
01:00:58,760 --> 01:01:00,960
the molecular bond, so no
matter.

1014
01:01:00,960 --> 01:01:02,640
That's important.
That's important distinction,

1015
01:01:02,640 --> 01:01:06,240
Exactly.
And then you talked about the

1016
01:01:06,240 --> 01:01:09,560
Goldilocks Zone for actually,
this is going to be a perfect

1017
01:01:09,560 --> 01:01:12,400
episode for to mention that
because literally the episode

1018
01:01:12,400 --> 01:01:16,960
before this, we talked about
this new study that's going on

1019
01:01:16,960 --> 01:01:21,840
where it's not necessarily a
study, but it's more of like a

1020
01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:27,200
realization that the, the world
that we live in or the physics

1021
01:01:27,480 --> 01:01:31,040
environment that we live in is
perfectly made for for life

1022
01:01:32,120 --> 01:01:36,200
because of the way physics
effects liquids.

1023
01:01:36,560 --> 01:01:39,280
And the way that they they
talked about this was that

1024
01:01:39,280 --> 01:01:45,760
physics is literally as set
perfectly for life in the

1025
01:01:45,760 --> 01:01:49,280
reality that we live in.
It's like we live in a

1026
01:01:49,280 --> 01:01:55,160
Goldilocks zone for physics.
Because if, let's say physics

1027
01:01:56,240 --> 01:02:00,360
affected water in any other way,
blood wouldn't clot.

1028
01:02:02,880 --> 01:02:05,840
The Goldilocks zone that we live
in in our planet right now

1029
01:02:05,840 --> 01:02:08,440
wouldn't necessarily mean that
we have liquid water.

1030
01:02:09,200 --> 01:02:12,520
It could mean that we have only
gaseous water.

1031
01:02:12,520 --> 01:02:15,200
Maybe that's the only way that
it shows up in in a different

1032
01:02:15,720 --> 01:02:20,360
tweaked physics reality.
So is that that was cool.

1033
01:02:21,320 --> 01:02:25,040
One thing I did not know was
where the word Adam came from.

1034
01:02:25,560 --> 01:02:28,480
That was cool.
Cannot cut.

1035
01:02:29,080 --> 01:02:30,520
That's what I got out of.
That not cuttable.

1036
01:02:30,560 --> 01:02:32,280
Yep.
That's that's awesome.

1037
01:02:32,400 --> 01:02:40,520
I like that.
I like the idea that plant life,

1038
01:02:40,960 --> 01:02:47,800
or the the environment in which
plant life creates, helps foster

1039
01:02:47,800 --> 01:02:51,880
intelligence.
I like that you give something a

1040
01:02:51,880 --> 01:02:55,560
puzzle and it makes it stronger.
It's the same reason why we work

1041
01:02:55,560 --> 01:02:56,280
on our.
Muscles.

1042
01:02:56,960 --> 01:02:59,920
It's the same reason why we go
to school, we do math and and

1043
01:02:59,920 --> 01:03:03,800
read and and everything.
OK, if you give your mind

1044
01:03:03,800 --> 01:03:06,680
something to work through,
whether it's running for your

1045
01:03:06,680 --> 01:03:11,680
life or doing a Sudoku problem,
it's going to get better, right?

1046
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:16,880
We thrive off that as as living
creatures, every living creature

1047
01:03:16,880 --> 01:03:19,800
learns, right?
Whether it's through something

1048
01:03:19,800 --> 01:03:22,880
that to us seems habitual,
right?

1049
01:03:23,160 --> 01:03:26,800
Something passed down through
generation through generation or

1050
01:03:26,800 --> 01:03:30,640
if it's something such as a a
chimp picking up a rock and and

1051
01:03:30,640 --> 01:03:34,760
opening up a a piece of fruit
off the tree, right.

1052
01:03:35,520 --> 01:03:39,280
We learn things by having
problems in front of us and

1053
01:03:39,280 --> 01:03:41,120
vegetation creates those
problems.

1054
01:03:41,240 --> 01:03:43,520
I love that that's that's
brilliant.

1055
01:03:43,520 --> 01:03:48,480
I mean you're right.
We, you know, we get surrounded

1056
01:03:48,640 --> 01:03:55,640
by pop culture that that tells
us alien life, such as the movie

1057
01:03:55,640 --> 01:04:00,880
Prometheus, right.
This barren landscape had these

1058
01:04:00,880 --> 01:04:07,320
incredibly intelligent
creationist beings, right?

1059
01:04:08,400 --> 01:04:10,040
But it's barren.
It has water.

1060
01:04:10,040 --> 01:04:12,040
But there was.
There's nothing really for them

1061
01:04:12,040 --> 01:04:14,520
to interact with.
Yeah.

1062
01:04:14,600 --> 01:04:16,760
Yeah.
And no, it makes, it makes

1063
01:04:16,760 --> 01:04:22,840
perfect sense.
So if, if we're going to see a a

1064
01:04:22,840 --> 01:04:28,720
life form out there of
intelligence, it very well could

1065
01:04:29,040 --> 01:04:33,320
only come from something similar
to our upbringing.

1066
01:04:33,320 --> 01:04:34,320
Yeah.
Exactly.

1067
01:04:36,680 --> 01:04:39,560
My question for you, Oh, I have
a couple questions for you here

1068
01:04:39,560 --> 01:04:42,920
and I'm, I'm kind of going off
my scripted questions away from

1069
01:04:42,920 --> 01:04:49,360
away from them a little bit.
The Kardashev scale when you

1070
01:04:49,360 --> 01:04:56,320
were talking about we may be one
of, if not the smartest or most

1071
01:04:56,320 --> 01:05:00,840
intelligent right now.
The Kardashev scale has us at a

1072
01:05:00,840 --> 01:05:05,760
0.7.
Now I kind of want to explain

1073
01:05:05,760 --> 01:05:08,760
this because I don't know if
I've ever brought this up for my

1074
01:05:08,760 --> 01:05:11,600
listeners before.
I just want to briefly go

1075
01:05:11,600 --> 01:05:15,560
through what it is, what the
Karishev scale is.

1076
01:05:16,960 --> 01:05:20,280
It's a method used to measure a
civilization's level of

1077
01:05:20,320 --> 01:05:25,360
technological advancement based
on the amount of energy they can

1078
01:05:25,360 --> 01:05:27,080
harness and utilize.
Right?

1079
01:05:27,080 --> 01:05:32,120
So Karishev scale type one, this
is also known as a planetary

1080
01:05:32,120 --> 01:05:36,320
civilization.
They can harness or store the

1081
01:05:36,320 --> 01:05:39,040
energy available on their home
planet.

1082
01:05:39,640 --> 01:05:42,000
Type twos are stellar
civilizations.

1083
01:05:42,000 --> 01:05:45,760
They can harness the energy
output of its host star.

1084
01:05:46,160 --> 01:05:48,200
And type 3 are galactic
civilizations.

1085
01:05:48,280 --> 01:05:51,520
They can control and utilize the
energy of its entire home

1086
01:05:51,520 --> 01:05:54,920
Galaxy.
Now, right now on the cartridge

1087
01:05:54,920 --> 01:05:59,280
of scale, we are a 0.7.
We cannot even harness all of

1088
01:05:59,280 --> 01:06:01,600
what our planet has to offer
right now.

1089
01:06:03,160 --> 01:06:08,080
Terry, my question for you, do
you believe that there could

1090
01:06:08,080 --> 01:06:09,800
even be type twos, type threes
out there?

1091
01:06:09,880 --> 01:06:12,880
No, it's not possible.
I had a feeling you would go

1092
01:06:12,880 --> 01:06:15,400
that way.
Yeah, and, and, and just because

1093
01:06:15,400 --> 01:06:18,280
the math allows it doesn't mean
the universe will.

1094
01:06:19,240 --> 01:06:22,680
And that's that's the problem.
You, you hit on something that's

1095
01:06:22,680 --> 01:06:25,240
very, very critical and
sometimes overlooked.

1096
01:06:25,360 --> 01:06:27,440
Harness and utilize.
Yeah.

1097
01:06:28,920 --> 01:06:32,200
Yeah, there are lots of
energies, but how do you harness

1098
01:06:32,200 --> 01:06:36,520
it for work?
So the Dyson sphere is sort of

1099
01:06:36,520 --> 01:06:41,760
an explanation of how you could
get to that, that stellar level,

1100
01:06:41,760 --> 01:06:43,320
right?
Very theoretical.

1101
01:06:44,120 --> 01:06:45,960
It is.
It's only theoretical.

1102
01:06:46,000 --> 01:06:49,120
It literally is science fiction.
It cannot be done here.

1103
01:06:49,120 --> 01:06:51,360
Here's here's, here's there's
there's too many problems for

1104
01:06:51,360 --> 01:06:53,280
this.
And I'd like someone to explain

1105
01:06:53,560 --> 01:06:56,440
What's your infrastructure?
How are you going to create this

1106
01:06:56,440 --> 01:07:00,360
swarm around the sun?
Because if you understand the

1107
01:07:00,360 --> 01:07:05,440
flux of energy photon energy,
it's determined by the inverse

1108
01:07:05,440 --> 01:07:06,920
square law.
Yeah.

1109
01:07:06,920 --> 01:07:10,560
OK, so if you double the
distance then you one quarter

1110
01:07:10,560 --> 01:07:12,160
the amount of.
So if you have a piece of paper

1111
01:07:12,160 --> 01:07:15,680
right and you double the
distance from the light, then

1112
01:07:15,720 --> 01:07:20,440
you have 1/4 of the photons
hitting it right and so.

1113
01:07:20,480 --> 01:07:22,880
But the reverse is true.
As you get closer and closer,

1114
01:07:23,000 --> 01:07:24,960
that energy will burn anything
up.

1115
01:07:25,360 --> 01:07:27,200
Yeah.
Not to mention we don't even

1116
01:07:27,200 --> 01:07:28,800
have enough matter on the
planet.

1117
01:07:28,800 --> 01:07:31,880
Yeah.
Where does matter come from?

1118
01:07:31,880 --> 01:07:34,960
We have we, we can control.
OK, we we do destroy our moon.

1119
01:07:34,960 --> 01:07:37,680
Well, our moon is what gives us
all the sweet things that we

1120
01:07:37,680 --> 01:07:40,520
enjoy from life.
Even you can't can't destroy the

1121
01:07:40,520 --> 01:07:45,520
moon, even if even if it had the
right ingredients to create

1122
01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:49,600
infrastructure or harvest
asteroids, right?

1123
01:07:50,240 --> 01:07:54,280
You have to think everything,
everything potentially has and

1124
01:07:54,280 --> 01:07:59,120
must follow the law of
diminishing returns where the

1125
01:07:59,120 --> 01:08:03,680
economic or the energetic return
is lower than the economic or

1126
01:08:03,680 --> 01:08:06,360
energetic input.
That's what, that's what the

1127
01:08:06,360 --> 01:08:08,880
Dyson swarm is.
It's it's simple.

1128
01:08:08,920 --> 01:08:12,080
It's not me saying this.
It's just an idea.

1129
01:08:12,200 --> 01:08:15,680
Then how do you collect it?
What, what is your collector?

1130
01:08:15,680 --> 01:08:17,359
OK, So what we know solar cells,
right?

1131
01:08:17,840 --> 01:08:20,720
Here's the thing.
You're limited to the energy

1132
01:08:20,720 --> 01:08:23,600
that's useful.
That's the key thing.

1133
01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:26,000
That's what that's what
photosynthesis isn't a

1134
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:29,120
coincidence.
It uses the 400 to 700

1135
01:08:29,120 --> 01:08:32,600
nanometers for a reason.
I actually, I thought of this,

1136
01:08:32,600 --> 01:08:37,800
Jeremy, on my own that OK, I
already know what's happening.

1137
01:08:37,800 --> 01:08:40,600
You have a photon comes in and
it energizes electrons.

1138
01:08:40,800 --> 01:08:45,560
That energizing electron, you
can drive electric current from

1139
01:08:45,560 --> 01:08:48,720
it.
OK, Now photosynthesis uses it

1140
01:08:48,720 --> 01:08:53,399
to use that to, to facilitate a
chemical reaction, OK.

1141
01:08:54,120 --> 01:08:59,080
If you get too high, it becomes
ionizing and destroys the actual

1142
01:08:59,080 --> 01:09:01,399
very molecules that you're
working with.

1143
01:09:02,319 --> 01:09:05,760
That's why UV, X-ray and gamma
rays are damaging.

1144
01:09:06,439 --> 01:09:09,800
Now there's two things.
It can damage it directly, that

1145
01:09:09,800 --> 01:09:11,359
it permanently changes it,
right?

1146
01:09:11,720 --> 01:09:13,880
And that ultimately can lead to
cancer.

1147
01:09:13,880 --> 01:09:15,680
So that's the worst thing.
That's what we're afraid of.

1148
01:09:15,920 --> 01:09:18,000
So we already know that that
doesn't happen right away.

1149
01:09:18,520 --> 01:09:21,240
So there are very, very few
people who've actually died from

1150
01:09:21,240 --> 01:09:23,560
radiation sickness.
That's, let me tell you some

1151
01:09:23,560 --> 01:09:26,279
miserable way to go.
A very miserable way to go, you

1152
01:09:26,279 --> 01:09:29,319
know, just in the hundreds.
And that's, that's terrible way

1153
01:09:29,319 --> 01:09:32,840
to go.
Then the other way is, is that

1154
01:09:32,840 --> 01:09:35,399
years later your, your genetic
material has been altered.

1155
01:09:35,640 --> 01:09:37,880
But what happens to metals is
the same thing.

1156
01:09:37,880 --> 01:09:40,080
It ruins them.
If it digs them, it hardens

1157
01:09:40,080 --> 01:09:41,760
them.
It damages you already.

1158
01:09:41,760 --> 01:09:45,840
Everyone knows just in our own
orbit, if there's a solar flare,

1159
01:09:45,840 --> 01:09:48,800
we have to shut down and protect
our, our infrastructure out

1160
01:09:48,800 --> 01:09:50,399
there.
It damages it.

1161
01:09:50,760 --> 01:09:54,040
So if you try to get closer to
the sun, well, if you have the

1162
01:09:54,040 --> 01:09:56,880
distance than you 4 times the
amount of energy that's coming

1163
01:09:56,880 --> 01:10:00,480
to it.
So, so then you can only harness

1164
01:10:00,920 --> 01:10:03,880
useful energy.
It's in that small, narrow band.

1165
01:10:04,240 --> 01:10:06,280
Radio waves aren't energetic
enough.

1166
01:10:07,080 --> 01:10:11,520
They won't excite electrons to
generate a current flow that you

1167
01:10:11,520 --> 01:10:15,440
can use as harvestable energy to
do work.

1168
01:10:15,800 --> 01:10:17,760
So you're working in a narrow
band.

1169
01:10:18,000 --> 01:10:21,480
So the idea of harvesting the
sun's energy is it's a non

1170
01:10:21,480 --> 01:10:24,440
sequitur.
You can't because not all the

1171
01:10:24,440 --> 01:10:26,680
energy is harvestable to begin
with.

1172
01:10:26,680 --> 01:10:28,360
And that's one of the problems
that people have.

1173
01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:31,880
But let's just say that in in
we're we're already dealing, we

1174
01:10:31,880 --> 01:10:34,360
already have people talking
about these orbital solar

1175
01:10:34,360 --> 01:10:37,760
arrays.
If you're familiar with entropy,

1176
01:10:37,760 --> 01:10:40,520
everything goes to chaos.
It takes energy.

1177
01:10:40,960 --> 01:10:42,880
Look at your bedroom, look at
your kitchen.

1178
01:10:43,160 --> 01:10:44,600
Tell me the entropy doesn't work
there.

1179
01:10:44,600 --> 01:10:47,120
You have to continually put
energy in it.

1180
01:10:47,480 --> 01:10:49,720
I have 4 kids man, entropy is
all over the.

1181
01:10:49,800 --> 01:10:53,880
House, you are finding energy.
Entropy, You know, energy is not

1182
01:10:53,880 --> 01:10:55,400
our problem.
It's entropy, believe me.

1183
01:10:55,400 --> 01:10:58,600
Because what happens at some
point, the more complex the

1184
01:10:58,600 --> 01:11:02,960
system becomes, the more you
have to export entropy and the

1185
01:11:02,960 --> 01:11:06,240
more energy you're putting into
export energy that's wasted

1186
01:11:06,240 --> 01:11:09,080
energy.
So when you develop a complex

1187
01:11:09,080 --> 01:11:10,800
system like this, you're
fighting entropy.

1188
01:11:10,800 --> 01:11:13,640
These material, it's not you
place it and forget it.

1189
01:11:13,720 --> 01:11:15,960
No, they need constant
maintenance.

1190
01:11:16,480 --> 01:11:18,120
And so you'll never recover the
energy.

1191
01:11:18,160 --> 01:11:23,280
So the idea of Carter shut
scales, in my opinion, is no go,

1192
01:11:23,840 --> 01:11:26,440
not going to.
But there's plenty of energy out

1193
01:11:26,440 --> 01:11:29,760
there.
We there's, we can do a lot with

1194
01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:31,800
the fusion, more than people
might expect.

1195
01:11:32,120 --> 01:11:33,960
Do you think we can get to a
type 1?

1196
01:11:35,640 --> 01:11:38,440
No, because no.
But we can get pretty close.

1197
01:11:38,600 --> 01:11:40,880
And again, the problem is, is
that not all the energies out

1198
01:11:40,880 --> 01:11:43,520
there are harvestable for useful
work.

1199
01:11:44,280 --> 01:11:47,120
That's what we have to do.
There has to be a gradient that

1200
01:11:47,120 --> 01:11:50,560
you can capture, right?
You can capture electron

1201
01:11:50,560 --> 01:11:51,520
differences.
You can.

1202
01:11:53,560 --> 01:11:55,400
OK, there's osmosis generators,
right?

1203
01:11:55,400 --> 01:11:57,040
And there's one that's one in
Japan that they're really

1204
01:11:57,040 --> 01:11:58,840
bragging about.
Yeah, there's brackish water.

1205
01:11:59,040 --> 01:12:02,960
And so you have osmotic pressure
that can actually generate work.

1206
01:12:02,960 --> 01:12:06,160
And so they're talking about,
yeah, you can, you know, it goes

1207
01:12:06,160 --> 01:12:08,120
24/7.
And that's what they're bragging

1208
01:12:08,120 --> 01:12:09,520
about.
And then you get to the last

1209
01:12:09,520 --> 01:12:11,720
sentence.
It powers 229 homes.

1210
01:12:11,800 --> 01:12:17,000
That's not nothing, but that's,
that's diffuse and it's very

1211
01:12:17,000 --> 01:12:19,120
specific.
It's not like you can just put

1212
01:12:19,120 --> 01:12:22,000
them anywhere and everywhere.
And so you have these unique

1213
01:12:22,000 --> 01:12:27,200
conditions that give you diffuse
intermittent energy at a low

1214
01:12:27,200 --> 01:12:30,960
level, not scalable.
And so the idea same with same

1215
01:12:30,960 --> 01:12:36,080
with the hydrothermal.
It does have a limit and you you

1216
01:12:36,080 --> 01:12:37,800
can't, it's not always useful
energy.

1217
01:12:37,800 --> 01:12:42,040
Again, if the energy that you
put into it is greater than the

1218
01:12:42,040 --> 01:12:45,760
energy that it yields even in
sometime in the future, then

1219
01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:48,640
then it's a no go.
So that's that's my issue.

1220
01:12:49,440 --> 01:12:52,400
So just stepping back just a
little bit more for the

1221
01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:57,360
listeners, entropy is a term
used in physics, by the way.

1222
01:12:58,280 --> 01:13:03,120
It is basically the measure of
disorder and randomness within a

1223
01:13:03,120 --> 01:13:10,200
closed system.
So basically it it basically

1224
01:13:10,200 --> 01:13:16,040
explains how the tendency of
life moves towards disorder,

1225
01:13:16,360 --> 01:13:20,880
right?
I don't really have a a better

1226
01:13:20,880 --> 01:13:24,000
way of that's perfectly meaning
that to be on the purpose of.

1227
01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:26,000
You and it is actually the
second law of thermodynamics.

1228
01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:27,520
So this is important to
understand.

1229
01:13:27,720 --> 01:13:29,760
It's the second law of
thermodynamics, and I can say

1230
01:13:29,760 --> 01:13:33,680
this confidently.
Entropy is undefeated in 13.8

1231
01:13:33,680 --> 01:13:35,000
billion years I.
Was going.

1232
01:13:35,560 --> 01:13:38,920
To see I'm going to side with
entropy every time because it is

1233
01:13:38,920 --> 01:13:40,920
complete.
So it's the idea leaves don't

1234
01:13:40,920 --> 01:13:43,560
fall in a neat pile for you,
right, right.

1235
01:13:43,560 --> 01:13:46,760
No, it takes energy to, to make
a pile of leaves because they

1236
01:13:46,760 --> 01:13:49,840
fall at random.
It's chaotic again, the, the,

1237
01:13:49,920 --> 01:13:54,400
the four kids in the household.
That's, that's entropy evidenced

1238
01:13:54,440 --> 01:13:58,520
in real life right there.
And it takes, it takes energy

1239
01:13:58,560 --> 01:14:02,120
then to reorder it.
And just because it's your

1240
01:14:02,120 --> 01:14:06,440
energy, don't forget your energy
came from photosynthesis.

1241
01:14:06,440 --> 01:14:10,680
That cow you ate, ate the grass
and, and whatever you ate,

1242
01:14:10,680 --> 01:14:14,600
whatever you eat for this sugar,
that's all, it's the energy

1243
01:14:14,600 --> 01:14:16,720
answers every single question in
the universe.

1244
01:14:17,000 --> 01:14:21,280
And so it takes energy to
reorder the mess that four kids

1245
01:14:21,280 --> 01:14:25,520
make.
Another thing I just wanted to

1246
01:14:25,520 --> 01:14:30,840
touch on for the listeners,
Dyson Spheres, I don't know if

1247
01:14:30,840 --> 01:14:34,520
we ever really defined it for
you guys.

1248
01:14:34,760 --> 01:14:39,760
Basically think of the best way
to think about it.

1249
01:14:39,760 --> 01:14:44,080
And honestly, if we could ever
create a Dyson sphere, it

1250
01:14:44,080 --> 01:14:45,400
probably wouldn't look anything
like this.

1251
01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:51,720
But just think about like a a
giant cage built around the our

1252
01:14:51,720 --> 01:14:56,240
sun and it's it basically its
job would be to gather the

1253
01:14:56,240 --> 01:14:58,680
energy so that we can utilize
it.

1254
01:14:58,680 --> 01:15:04,320
Obviously Terry tore that apart
really well and it's very, very

1255
01:15:04,320 --> 01:15:09,440
hypothetical, but that's what
the the the concept of a Dyson

1256
01:15:09,440 --> 01:15:14,800
sphere is.
It's to to utilize the, all of

1257
01:15:14,800 --> 01:15:17,440
the energy coming off of your
your local star.

1258
01:15:19,320 --> 01:15:26,520
I was, I was writing down
because I'm usually really good

1259
01:15:26,520 --> 01:15:29,040
with this, but when you, when
you started listing off the

1260
01:15:29,040 --> 01:15:35,120
different pre humans, I was, I,
I was currently looking for

1261
01:15:35,120 --> 01:15:37,120
something else and I was like,
oh crap, damn it.

1262
01:15:37,120 --> 01:15:38,160
I I could have helped them out
there.

1263
01:15:40,240 --> 01:15:42,960
Homohabilus.
Homo erectus.

1264
01:15:44,320 --> 01:15:48,680
Homo neanderthalus.
Heidelberg Genesis is our most

1265
01:15:48,680 --> 01:15:51,040
recent ancestor.
Yep, that's fine.

1266
01:15:51,040 --> 01:15:51,720
That's fine.
The name.

1267
01:15:52,240 --> 01:15:54,560
So as soon as we passed on, I
remember this homo.

1268
01:15:54,560 --> 01:15:57,400
Heidelberg Genesis.
And then then Denisovans came to

1269
01:15:57,400 --> 01:16:00,320
my mind and I was like, ah, man.
And I, I wrote down a bunch of

1270
01:16:00,320 --> 01:16:01,400
them.
I was like good, good.

1271
01:16:01,800 --> 01:16:03,160
Good to come back better than I
am.

1272
01:16:05,440 --> 01:16:08,040
And I'm like, man, we, you know,
we talk about Bigfoot enough and

1273
01:16:08,040 --> 01:16:10,560
and theories about where that
could possibly come from.

1274
01:16:10,720 --> 01:16:13,760
We like to go down every.
Single.

1275
01:16:13,800 --> 01:16:15,560
I do, yeah.
I love it too.

1276
01:16:15,640 --> 01:16:20,000
Yes.
So it's we, we bring up terms

1277
01:16:20,000 --> 01:16:23,560
like that.
Here goes a question for you.

1278
01:16:23,840 --> 01:16:27,840
This is one that I wrote down.
This is probably the earliest

1279
01:16:27,840 --> 01:16:30,720
question I had for you right
before I wrote down the question

1280
01:16:30,720 --> 01:16:34,240
about the cartership scale, the
Great Filter.

1281
01:16:36,480 --> 01:16:38,960
What do you think the Great
Filter is?

1282
01:16:39,400 --> 01:16:45,360
And do you think that we're
literally leading the race to

1283
01:16:45,440 --> 01:16:50,800
that Great Filter and not
necessarily the Great Filter as

1284
01:16:50,800 --> 01:16:56,080
in it kills a civilization but
prevents it in a way of

1285
01:16:57,600 --> 01:16:59,720
traveling the Cosmics?
We'll go with that.

1286
01:17:00,280 --> 01:17:02,720
Yeah, that's a great question
and I really appreciate that.

1287
01:17:02,720 --> 01:17:08,000
Thank you.
And there are many answers to

1288
01:17:08,000 --> 01:17:11,320
the Fermi paradox because
obviously it's complex and there

1289
01:17:11,320 --> 01:17:16,600
are people who have written a
lot of, of very sophisticated

1290
01:17:16,600 --> 01:17:25,600
writing on the Great Filters.
And what one of the ideas that

1291
01:17:25,640 --> 01:17:29,120
sort of has to happen is just
that you, you, you take these

1292
01:17:29,120 --> 01:17:34,520
improbable events, a emergence
of an intelligence being plenty

1293
01:17:34,520 --> 01:17:37,600
of energy to get there, right?
And all the things that takes

1294
01:17:37,600 --> 01:17:42,840
you to get there, right?
And it's easy to be 10s, if

1295
01:17:42,840 --> 01:17:45,560
maybe not even hundreds of
millions of years ahead of the

1296
01:17:45,560 --> 01:17:48,920
next closest guy.
And so you're just literally

1297
01:17:48,920 --> 01:17:51,720
strangers passing in the night.
You just, you just time wise,

1298
01:17:51,720 --> 01:17:53,760
you're out of sync.
And so you miss each other.

1299
01:17:54,480 --> 01:17:58,520
So that that is truly a, a
potential culture right there in

1300
01:17:58,520 --> 01:18:02,880
itself.
And you have to believe, Jeremy,

1301
01:18:02,880 --> 01:18:06,160
and, and I mean, we can go down
this because I love this type of

1302
01:18:06,160 --> 01:18:10,880
talk of how did humans get here?
What, what were the things, the

1303
01:18:10,880 --> 01:18:14,560
evolutionary steps that we went
through to, to get here?

1304
01:18:14,720 --> 01:18:18,640
And, and, and the reality is
our, our cushy life does not

1305
01:18:18,920 --> 01:18:23,320
nearly describe how violent of a
past that we came from.

1306
01:18:23,520 --> 01:18:26,600
We literally were struggling
every day for our life.

1307
01:18:26,600 --> 01:18:30,920
And it meant warfare.
And so the idea that, oh, we're

1308
01:18:30,920 --> 01:18:33,840
at war all the time.
No, that's all animals are.

1309
01:18:35,960 --> 01:18:39,320
We can't imagine just how
violent and rough.

1310
01:18:39,520 --> 01:18:42,360
I mean, everyone loves those
nature movies, right?

1311
01:18:42,360 --> 01:18:45,080
The takedown.
Yeah, that's not pretty.

1312
01:18:45,280 --> 01:18:48,520
But that's how they survived.
We survived the same way.

1313
01:18:49,040 --> 01:18:53,080
And so this idea that we're that
somehow modernity brought on

1314
01:18:53,080 --> 01:18:55,880
warfare, that's nothing could be
further from the truth is bred

1315
01:18:55,880 --> 01:18:57,280
into us.
It's in our genes.

1316
01:18:57,480 --> 01:19:01,320
That's how we've survived.
And so we've lived on a scarce

1317
01:19:01,320 --> 01:19:03,040
planet and we had to fight for
everything.

1318
01:19:03,680 --> 01:19:08,120
And other tribe civilizations
are just inherently an enemy of

1319
01:19:08,120 --> 01:19:10,480
ours.
That's not that's not a moral

1320
01:19:10,480 --> 01:19:12,520
judgement.
That's just a survival built

1321
01:19:12,520 --> 01:19:15,120
into our genes.
And so one of one of them is

1322
01:19:15,120 --> 01:19:16,200
that we just kill each other
off.

1323
01:19:16,280 --> 01:19:18,520
And that's not impossible to
contemplate.

1324
01:19:19,240 --> 01:19:23,880
We have obviously now the
technology to destroy most of

1325
01:19:24,160 --> 01:19:26,960
life on Earth.
OK, So we don't want to leave.

1326
01:19:27,160 --> 01:19:28,920
And that's why I'm telling you
people, we can't kill each

1327
01:19:28,920 --> 01:19:31,280
other.
We we have a moral we do have a

1328
01:19:31,280 --> 01:19:34,880
moral duty now, now that we know
now that we have the potential

1329
01:19:34,880 --> 01:19:39,520
energy, we don't need to harvest
all the energy of the sun to to

1330
01:19:39,520 --> 01:19:42,680
launch a multi generational
interplanetary ship.

1331
01:19:42,960 --> 01:19:46,320
We have the technology to give
ourselves that energy.

1332
01:19:46,320 --> 01:19:48,600
Now we have that so that that
can happen.

1333
01:19:49,040 --> 01:19:52,800
So yeah, killing each other off
is is one of the great filters.

1334
01:19:52,880 --> 01:19:59,880
I I don't discount that and I
believe that if we see, if we

1335
01:19:59,880 --> 01:20:02,320
see another human right, and I
want this as much as anybody

1336
01:20:02,320 --> 01:20:04,200
else, you're going to look just
like us.

1337
01:20:04,360 --> 01:20:08,360
They're going to be very, they
will necessarily be like us,

1338
01:20:08,520 --> 01:20:12,200
made from carbon.
They had to evolve under the

1339
01:20:12,200 --> 01:20:17,800
same or similar circumstances.
You don't go from a simple life

1340
01:20:17,800 --> 01:20:22,040
form to fully form intelligent
being that that just is an

1341
01:20:22,040 --> 01:20:24,200
impossibility that cannot
happen.

1342
01:20:24,560 --> 01:20:27,760
So evolution is incremental over
hundreds of millions of years.

1343
01:20:27,840 --> 01:20:33,480
So those time spans are not, I
mean, they, they can be

1344
01:20:33,480 --> 01:20:35,520
compressed a little bit.
We saw the Cambrian explosion,

1345
01:20:35,520 --> 01:20:38,280
OK, that could have been
compressed because 2 billion

1346
01:20:38,280 --> 01:20:40,120
years is a long time of just
sitting there doing nothing.

1347
01:20:40,120 --> 01:20:41,840
Until photosynthesis got
invented.

1348
01:20:42,080 --> 01:20:45,600
It only happened one time.
We have multiple visual systems,

1349
01:20:45,760 --> 01:20:47,720
we have multiple flight systems,
right?

1350
01:20:47,720 --> 01:20:52,320
Multiple types of intelligence 1
photosynthesis, so that could

1351
01:20:52,320 --> 01:20:55,880
have happened earlier on and so
you could have a a civilization

1352
01:20:55,880 --> 01:20:59,480
that is whose planet was born
about the same time, literally a

1353
01:20:59,480 --> 01:21:02,840
billion years ahead of us.
That's no small no small, small

1354
01:21:02,840 --> 01:21:05,200
amount of time, but they would
have had to go through the same

1355
01:21:05,200 --> 01:21:08,320
process that we did.
So even if you cut a billion

1356
01:21:08,320 --> 01:21:13,120
years off before photosynthesis
is created, still the

1357
01:21:13,120 --> 01:21:17,160
intelligent and dolphins are
intelligent, but they're not

1358
01:21:17,160 --> 01:21:20,400
going to make a, a gas furnace.
I'm sorry.

1359
01:21:20,680 --> 01:21:22,920
As smart as they are, you got to
work with your hand.

1360
01:21:22,920 --> 01:21:25,400
You have to see.
And so these things that must,

1361
01:21:25,400 --> 01:21:29,760
they must be part of this alien
that we see and we will

1362
01:21:29,760 --> 01:21:32,280
eventually encounter it or get a
techno signature.

1363
01:21:32,280 --> 01:21:33,560
That's what's going to happen
first.

1364
01:21:34,000 --> 01:21:38,600
Probably we will see that and
they will be like us.

1365
01:21:38,600 --> 01:21:41,400
They will have similar
intelligence and having come

1366
01:21:41,400 --> 01:21:44,880
from the type of scarcity that
they must have, then they would

1367
01:21:44,880 --> 01:21:49,760
have that, I guess, that warlike
genes within them.

1368
01:21:50,200 --> 01:21:54,000
And so that is very possible
that other civilizations have

1369
01:21:54,000 --> 01:21:57,160
done what we've done, or they
could have killed themselves off

1370
01:21:57,160 --> 01:21:59,600
before they found their coal,
oil and gas or whatever energy

1371
01:21:59,600 --> 01:22:01,240
that they're able to utilize on
their planets.

1372
01:22:01,280 --> 01:22:03,320
So that filter is, is very, very
real.

1373
01:22:03,320 --> 01:22:06,200
I don't discount that.
I hope we don't encounter it.

1374
01:22:06,480 --> 01:22:09,920
I really hope we don't.
I like how this conversation

1375
01:22:10,000 --> 01:22:16,200
really involves the amount of
accidents that we had to endure

1376
01:22:16,200 --> 01:22:19,560
in order to get to where we are.
It's, it is, it's incredible.

1377
01:22:20,000 --> 01:22:22,760
It's, it's kind of a, it's a
concept that I've tried to

1378
01:22:22,760 --> 01:22:26,440
introduce on the show before.
And you know, I love, I love my

1379
01:22:26,440 --> 01:22:31,640
Co hosts, but the whole concept
of the infinite rabbit hole is

1380
01:22:31,640 --> 01:22:35,240
that we have completely
different minds, right?

1381
01:22:35,240 --> 01:22:38,480
We, we look at all of these
problems from different points

1382
01:22:38,480 --> 01:22:42,400
of view.
If, if you can't tell, I, I, I

1383
01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:47,120
like science, love science.
And that's kind of the way I

1384
01:22:47,120 --> 01:22:50,160
look at these kind of things.
And, you know, one of my goals

1385
01:22:50,160 --> 01:22:54,960
is, is a devout Christian.
One of them is an occultist, one

1386
01:22:54,960 --> 01:22:57,840
of them is a tinfoil hat
conspiracy theorist.

1387
01:22:58,280 --> 01:23:01,600
And we have some really, really
good.

1388
01:23:01,760 --> 01:23:06,880
Conversations.
But at the at the same time,

1389
01:23:07,440 --> 01:23:12,560
it's very difficult to get a
concept like that out on in in a

1390
01:23:12,560 --> 01:23:14,280
lot of the circumstances that
I'm in.

1391
01:23:16,680 --> 01:23:18,480
But no, this, this, this was
great.

1392
01:23:18,480 --> 01:23:23,440
This really was one, one more
thing for the the listeners.

1393
01:23:23,440 --> 01:23:25,080
I just want to break down the
great filter.

1394
01:23:25,480 --> 01:23:29,000
Just it's a theoretical concept,
right?

1395
01:23:29,000 --> 01:23:32,680
It attempts to answer the
massive question, if the

1396
01:23:32,680 --> 01:23:34,960
universe is billions of years
old and contains trillions of

1397
01:23:34,960 --> 01:23:37,800
planets, why haven't we found
evidence of alien life?

1398
01:23:37,800 --> 01:23:41,680
Right, This is this is the Fermi
Paradox in a nutshell.

1399
01:23:43,400 --> 01:23:48,080
The theory of the Great Filter
suggests that some, somewhere,

1400
01:23:48,080 --> 01:23:53,160
something along the timeline of
development from a dead planet

1401
01:23:53,160 --> 01:23:58,040
to a space faring galactic
civilization, there is an

1402
01:23:58,040 --> 01:24:03,120
incredibly difficult barrier, or
a bottleneck if you will, that's

1403
01:24:03,120 --> 01:24:04,760
almost impossible for life to
cross.

1404
01:24:05,600 --> 01:24:09,400
That right there, that
bottleneck is called the Gray

1405
01:24:09,400 --> 01:24:13,360
filter.
Now, humanity, right?

1406
01:24:14,080 --> 01:24:19,320
The theory behind the Gray
filter is that humanity could be

1407
01:24:19,320 --> 01:24:24,400
in one or two positions.
We can be ahead of it or we can

1408
01:24:24,400 --> 01:24:28,280
be behind it.
We could have not hit that great

1409
01:24:28,280 --> 01:24:30,680
filter yet.
We could have, we could have

1410
01:24:30,680 --> 01:24:34,760
been one of the rare, rare ones
that already surpassed it,

1411
01:24:34,920 --> 01:24:38,960
right.
And, you know, we, we have these

1412
01:24:39,000 --> 01:24:41,640
amazing conversations on here
all the time, but this is a,

1413
01:24:41,640 --> 01:24:43,800
this is a really good
conversation that I, I haven't

1414
01:24:44,040 --> 01:24:49,240
been able to really express the
concept of on this show before.

1415
01:24:49,240 --> 01:24:52,520
And Terry, I just appreciate
that because I'm, I'm happy that

1416
01:24:52,520 --> 01:24:55,560
I got to introduce the listeners
to the concepts of the great

1417
01:24:55,560 --> 01:24:56,640
filter.
Not that they don't.

1418
01:24:57,280 --> 01:24:59,360
Most of them probably already
know the concept of the great

1419
01:24:59,360 --> 01:25:01,120
filter.
This is more for more or less

1420
01:25:01,120 --> 01:25:06,480
for the ones that that have not
heard this before, but the great

1421
01:25:06,480 --> 01:25:07,960
filter can literally be
anything.

1422
01:25:08,320 --> 01:25:11,480
I mean, there's people that
predict that the great filter is

1423
01:25:11,560 --> 01:25:18,600
AI, you know, AGI and we're
coming right up to that now.

1424
01:25:18,600 --> 01:25:22,480
There's nuclear war.
There's, I mean there, there's

1425
01:25:22,480 --> 01:25:24,960
all kinds of great filters that
it could potentially be.

1426
01:25:27,760 --> 01:25:33,080
And the Great Filter just being
the limitation of what we're

1427
01:25:33,280 --> 01:25:37,040
what's available for us to use
is an incredible great filter.

1428
01:25:37,160 --> 01:25:39,240
Right.
And that's where I fit in that

1429
01:25:39,240 --> 01:25:41,040
and that and to me that's,
that's my great filter.

1430
01:25:41,200 --> 01:25:42,360
We've, we've already come past
it.

1431
01:25:43,640 --> 01:25:46,200
We've, we've, we've gone through
the great filter because we, we

1432
01:25:46,200 --> 01:25:50,320
have now the capacity to harness
the energy to make a

1433
01:25:50,320 --> 01:25:52,520
spacefaring.
So I believe that we have passed

1434
01:25:52,520 --> 01:25:55,680
through that filter.
And there may be the other ones,

1435
01:25:55,680 --> 01:25:58,080
but I believe that is the, the
number one.

1436
01:25:58,080 --> 01:26:01,720
And that's my whole hypothesis
that no advanced technology,

1437
01:26:01,720 --> 01:26:05,880
technological civilization can
ever emerge without some sort of

1438
01:26:05,880 --> 01:26:08,440
energy supply.
So I believe that we've already

1439
01:26:08,440 --> 01:26:10,480
passed through that, which is
awesome.

1440
01:26:10,680 --> 01:26:12,640
I I love that.
And you know, thank thank you

1441
01:26:12,640 --> 01:26:14,520
for giving me a chance to to
share that.

1442
01:26:14,760 --> 01:26:18,560
And it sounds like your your
listeners are are way up on top

1443
01:26:18,560 --> 01:26:20,680
of all the stuff already.
And I hope I've been able to

1444
01:26:20,680 --> 01:26:24,440
give a, a, a couple of pearls
demonstrate.

1445
01:26:24,680 --> 01:26:29,440
I, I came from this to the point
people, you have no idea how

1446
01:26:29,440 --> 01:26:34,400
lucky we are to be where we are
right now to enjoy the this

1447
01:26:34,400 --> 01:26:40,440
experience without the dreadgery
of how our, our forefathers, our

1448
01:26:40,440 --> 01:26:42,400
ancient people, not I mean
forefathers of our country.

1449
01:26:42,400 --> 01:26:45,440
But you know, all of the people
in the hundreds of thousands of

1450
01:26:45,440 --> 01:26:49,800
years that has struggled with
that threat of I mean, we don't

1451
01:26:49,800 --> 01:26:51,600
have to fight off a Saber
toothed tiger on the way to

1452
01:26:51,600 --> 01:26:54,680
work.
There may be a crash on the

1453
01:26:54,680 --> 01:26:58,080
I-10, right?
Yeah, Is that a Saber tooth

1454
01:26:58,080 --> 01:27:00,280
tiger?
The the simple fact that we're

1455
01:27:00,280 --> 01:27:03,960
here right now doing what we do
every day, the odds were stacked

1456
01:27:03,960 --> 01:27:07,440
against us in incredible ways.
And we did overcome it.

1457
01:27:07,560 --> 01:27:11,200
We did, and we'll see what else
we can overcome.

1458
01:27:11,200 --> 01:27:13,960
Hopefully, you know, the future
of humanity is bright.

1459
01:27:13,960 --> 01:27:17,160
Yeah.
I, I am completely optimistic.

1460
01:27:17,280 --> 01:27:20,600
In fact, I've written another
book that's coming out now.

1461
01:27:20,600 --> 01:27:23,480
It's called Earth, the
Goldilocks Planet, which is the

1462
01:27:23,480 --> 01:27:27,160
companion book to the book that
just have written and it goes

1463
01:27:27,160 --> 01:27:32,000
into and maybe expands a little
bit on the Drake equation.

1464
01:27:32,000 --> 01:27:35,480
So it's it's a book that's
centered on the Drake equation.

1465
01:27:35,480 --> 01:27:37,760
It's at the editor right now, so
I hope it's out in the next

1466
01:27:37,760 --> 01:27:40,000
month.
Experiment.

1467
01:27:40,320 --> 01:27:44,240
It's called Earth, the
Goldilocks planet.

1468
01:27:44,640 --> 01:27:47,960
Oh, the Goldilocks planet.
Yeah, if you allow me to share

1469
01:27:47,960 --> 01:27:50,040
my book, I'd like to share it
for the listeners who haven't

1470
01:27:50,040 --> 01:27:51,120
seen it made that.
Please, please do.

1471
01:27:51,120 --> 01:27:54,800
OK, yes, so here it is.
Where are the little green men?

1472
01:27:55,920 --> 01:27:59,720
I'm not that creative, it's not
my wheelhouse that much, but I

1473
01:27:59,720 --> 01:28:05,680
worked with AI and came up with
a an idea of what I had for the

1474
01:28:05,680 --> 01:28:08,520
cover in my editor, made this
out of it, which I'm really

1475
01:28:08,520 --> 01:28:10,120
happy about.
I love it.

1476
01:28:10,400 --> 01:28:13,520
Now, if I might show the back,
this is actually the thing that

1477
01:28:13,520 --> 01:28:17,080
I'm proudest of is here we have
Newton, right?

1478
01:28:17,720 --> 01:28:22,040
And I asked the rhetorical
question, why didn't Newton go

1479
01:28:22,040 --> 01:28:25,600
to the moon?
He didn't have the energy.

1480
01:28:26,040 --> 01:28:28,960
That's funny.
Isn't that perfectly fitting?

1481
01:28:29,440 --> 01:28:31,440
Here's a smartest I mean, if
anyone could have gone to the

1482
01:28:31,440 --> 01:28:34,640
moon, it would have been Newton,
but he didn't have the energy.

1483
01:28:36,040 --> 01:28:38,880
Now Newton today could get us to
the moon and to Mars.

1484
01:28:40,480 --> 01:28:41,320
Thank.
I appreciate that.

1485
01:28:41,320 --> 01:28:42,880
Thank you very much.
Yeah, no problem.

1486
01:28:43,120 --> 01:28:46,240
One more thing I I would like to
share with the listeners here.

1487
01:28:47,040 --> 01:28:56,920
Before I give you the your
outro, I want to share this What

1488
01:28:56,960 --> 01:28:59,160
what can you tell us about?
This thank you.

1489
01:28:59,360 --> 01:29:05,080
I appreciate that this actually
is nearer and dearer to me than

1490
01:29:05,080 --> 01:29:07,480
this book.
This book is an extension of

1491
01:29:07,480 --> 01:29:09,200
this thinking.
I appreciate you bringing that

1492
01:29:09,200 --> 01:29:12,560
up.
So the Fusion Star Imperative is

1493
01:29:12,560 --> 01:29:18,120
my nonprofit, energy nonprofit.
It's geared on energy education.

1494
01:29:18,640 --> 01:29:21,920
And I appreciate you looking
through all of this because it

1495
01:29:21,920 --> 01:29:26,360
talks about right here the the
technologies, if you'll scroll

1496
01:29:26,360 --> 01:29:26,920
up.
Yeah, right here.

1497
01:29:27,680 --> 01:29:31,000
And so, yeah, right here.
So this is the bridge, the only

1498
01:29:31,000 --> 01:29:33,640
bridge.
It, it, it can't be done any

1499
01:29:33,640 --> 01:29:35,280
other way.
And we can mess around with

1500
01:29:35,280 --> 01:29:38,200
things that don't work or we can
set our sights directly on the

1501
01:29:38,200 --> 01:29:42,760
things that do work.
And one is the combined cycle

1502
01:29:42,760 --> 01:29:45,520
gas turbines.
The combined cycle gas turbines,

1503
01:29:45,520 --> 01:29:48,320
they do burn methane.
And I know that methane is

1504
01:29:48,640 --> 01:29:52,040
probably a dirty word for
people, but this is the physics

1505
01:29:52,040 --> 01:29:57,080
of where we are, and we need to
use this in the short term.

1506
01:29:57,360 --> 01:30:02,680
This is real energy that's
scalable and deployable to those

1507
01:30:02,680 --> 01:30:05,640
countries, even our own country,
but especially to those

1508
01:30:05,640 --> 01:30:08,600
countries that are developing.
These are like Legos.

1509
01:30:08,600 --> 01:30:11,240
They can be built in a factory
and they can deployed, be

1510
01:30:11,240 --> 01:30:14,360
deployed almost anywhere.
They burn natural gas.

1511
01:30:14,720 --> 01:30:17,000
The combined cycle does two
things.

1512
01:30:17,440 --> 01:30:21,760
This is like a giant jet engine
and so this takes you away

1513
01:30:21,760 --> 01:30:23,840
potentially from steam
generation, although the

1514
01:30:23,840 --> 01:30:27,120
combined cycle does add the
steam generation in addition to

1515
01:30:27,120 --> 01:30:28,880
it.
So if you just turn this like a

1516
01:30:28,880 --> 01:30:32,800
jet engine, it actually turns
the shaft of the generator.

1517
01:30:32,800 --> 01:30:36,040
So you are directly generating
electricity when this thing

1518
01:30:36,040 --> 01:30:38,120
turns.
You can turn it on and off just

1519
01:30:38,120 --> 01:30:40,480
like a jet engine.
And so you don't have the ramp

1520
01:30:40,480 --> 01:30:42,680
up, ramp down problems with
other types of energy.

1521
01:30:42,680 --> 01:30:46,120
It is usable and deployable.
So the combined cycle gas

1522
01:30:46,120 --> 01:30:49,880
turbines, if you also use the
waste heat to boil water, then

1523
01:30:49,880 --> 01:30:53,400
you can use it to turn another
generator and turbine and so you

1524
01:30:53,400 --> 01:30:58,600
get it 64% efficiency.
That is stunning.

1525
01:30:59,040 --> 01:31:02,960
So is this is this like the the
suck squeeze bang blow concepts?

1526
01:31:03,160 --> 01:31:04,720
Yeah, that's just like.
Using.

1527
01:31:05,040 --> 01:31:07,200
Same, same exact idea.
Yeah, exactly.

1528
01:31:07,200 --> 01:31:10,720
Using methane.
And So what this did is methane

1529
01:31:10,720 --> 01:31:15,840
gives you the greatest energy
output versus this least CO2

1530
01:31:15,840 --> 01:31:18,520
footprint.
That's why I love the advanced

1531
01:31:18,520 --> 01:31:21,480
natural gas turbines.
So the next one is the thorium.

1532
01:31:21,760 --> 01:31:24,480
We talked about that already
during the the interview.

1533
01:31:25,480 --> 01:31:29,840
These are modular nuclear
fission reactors.

1534
01:31:30,360 --> 01:31:32,480
They're modular.
They they're maintenance free.

1535
01:31:32,480 --> 01:31:35,400
You bury them into the ground
and you use them, right?

1536
01:31:35,400 --> 01:31:41,600
We people don't fully understand
the energy loss of transmitting

1537
01:31:42,000 --> 01:31:47,040
your your hydrothermal, for
example, 400 miles.

1538
01:31:47,160 --> 01:31:49,000
All right, you lose a lot of
that energy.

1539
01:31:49,280 --> 01:31:53,080
The grid saps a lot of the
energy.

1540
01:31:53,080 --> 01:31:55,520
It's the only way to get
electricity around is through

1541
01:31:55,520 --> 01:31:58,880
wires.
And so now you can put these,

1542
01:31:58,880 --> 01:32:03,680
even the gas turbines, your
small modular reactors, you can

1543
01:32:03,680 --> 01:32:06,840
put them where the electricity
is going to be used.

1544
01:32:06,840 --> 01:32:10,640
You don't have those high
overhead power lines going

1545
01:32:10,640 --> 01:32:12,520
hundreds of miles.
You use it in your neighborhood.

1546
01:32:12,760 --> 01:32:15,160
You put one in there, you can
have 10s of thousands of homes,

1547
01:32:15,360 --> 01:32:18,160
your grocery store, all of your
stuff and small commercial

1548
01:32:18,480 --> 01:32:21,560
running on one reactor.
And then you get to the fusion

1549
01:32:21,560 --> 01:32:24,520
reactor.
And these are the sort of the

1550
01:32:24,520 --> 01:32:27,720
big name plate type of reactors.
And they will have the large

1551
01:32:27,720 --> 01:32:30,840
wires.
I believe, Jeremy, eventually we

1552
01:32:30,840 --> 01:32:33,280
will be able to scale this down
to even smaller neighborhood

1553
01:32:33,280 --> 01:32:38,120
size once we understand and are
able to control the fusion

1554
01:32:38,120 --> 01:32:40,440
reactor in more manageable
sizes.

1555
01:32:40,680 --> 01:32:46,040
And so this is our bridge to
energy freedom and the end of

1556
01:32:46,120 --> 01:32:48,840
energy colonialism, as I call
it, because it is energy

1557
01:32:48,840 --> 01:32:54,240
colonialism.
And so this is the way we can

1558
01:32:54,240 --> 01:32:57,880
power our future.
Predictably not, maybe it will

1559
01:32:57,880 --> 01:32:59,640
work.
This is technology that we have

1560
01:32:59,640 --> 01:33:03,200
while the fusion is still being
developed, but this intermediate

1561
01:33:03,200 --> 01:33:07,080
stuff, the combined cycle gas
turbines, the small modular

1562
01:33:07,080 --> 01:33:09,560
reactors, those can be deployed
right now.

1563
01:33:09,560 --> 01:33:12,560
We have the technology to start
putting them and using them all

1564
01:33:12,560 --> 01:33:16,280
over and ending.
This is the reality.

1565
01:33:16,280 --> 01:33:18,200
We are dependent on fossil
fuels.

1566
01:33:18,280 --> 01:33:22,160
I I want legitimate end to using
fossil fuels.

1567
01:33:22,160 --> 01:33:26,120
That's what I'm looking for.
Real legitimate, just because,

1568
01:33:26,520 --> 01:33:30,120
not because again, it's not a
moral issue, but I guess it is a

1569
01:33:30,120 --> 01:33:32,400
moral issue in that I want
people to have access to the

1570
01:33:32,400 --> 01:33:34,880
energy that we're enjoying all
over the world.

1571
01:33:35,040 --> 01:33:36,600
That's what I want.
That's my end goal.

1572
01:33:36,800 --> 01:33:40,960
And that's going to stabilize
the politics of our world in a

1573
01:33:40,960 --> 01:33:44,840
way that we can't yet imagine.
And that's really why I believe

1574
01:33:44,840 --> 01:33:47,840
I'm optimistic and hopeful is
this is going to iron out a lot

1575
01:33:47,840 --> 01:33:49,720
of the differences.
Jeremy is getting people the

1576
01:33:49,720 --> 01:33:54,280
energy that they need to to be
to flourish and to thrive.

1577
01:33:54,560 --> 01:33:57,960
And humanity really, really can
use that.

1578
01:33:58,280 --> 01:34:01,520
And so this is more idea about,
yeah, in the meantime, we are

1579
01:34:01,520 --> 01:34:04,840
going to need to build some of
the large fission reactors as

1580
01:34:04,840 --> 01:34:07,280
well because we have large
infrastructure that we still

1581
01:34:07,280 --> 01:34:10,560
will need to power.
And so, but it's still based on

1582
01:34:10,560 --> 01:34:15,240
those three ideas, advanced
cycle, combined cycle, gas

1583
01:34:15,240 --> 01:34:19,800
turbines, nuclear fission,
modular nuclear fission up to

1584
01:34:19,800 --> 01:34:22,920
nuclear fusion.
Yeah, I appreciate you bringing

1585
01:34:22,920 --> 01:34:23,880
that up.
I love this.

1586
01:34:23,960 --> 01:34:29,120
And I've written a lot of op eds
and some policy papers on using

1587
01:34:30,360 --> 01:34:36,400
this is our initiative, our
energy initiative of getting the

1588
01:34:36,400 --> 01:34:39,280
power to the people literally
not in not in a make believe

1589
01:34:39,280 --> 01:34:42,200
way, but in a real legitimate
science based way.

1590
01:34:42,480 --> 01:34:45,880
It's politically neutral.
It's based on physics.

1591
01:34:46,520 --> 01:34:48,560
It's based on what we know will
work.

1592
01:34:51,560 --> 01:34:57,040
That's incredible.
Yeah.

1593
01:34:57,240 --> 01:35:00,960
Thank you.
Do you one last small question

1594
01:35:00,960 --> 01:35:05,880
just cuz I'm curious, do you
think that we get reactor small

1595
01:35:05,880 --> 01:35:10,480
enough to for a household?
Oh, I'd love that.

1596
01:35:10,480 --> 01:35:14,720
But you know, we could, we could
get a fusion reactor.

1597
01:35:15,160 --> 01:35:16,920
Yeah.
Yeah.

1598
01:35:17,520 --> 01:35:21,040
Let's let's keep that on the
table as a, as a worthy goal.

1599
01:35:21,280 --> 01:35:22,240
Yeah.
It is.

1600
01:35:22,480 --> 01:35:26,080
It would be, yeah.
It would be life changing, it

1601
01:35:26,080 --> 01:35:28,400
really would.
I think I think we can and

1602
01:35:28,400 --> 01:35:33,480
that's that's why I am so
optimistic about where we are

1603
01:35:33,600 --> 01:35:37,760
and our future and where where
we can eventually take this.

1604
01:35:38,600 --> 01:35:42,160
Incredible.
All right, let me go ahead and

1605
01:35:42,160 --> 01:35:46,840
bring up my scripted outro for
you and then we'll did you have

1606
01:35:46,840 --> 01:35:49,720
anything else that you wanted to
put out there?

1607
01:35:50,560 --> 01:35:52,520
Not without going to another
half hour rabbit hole.

1608
01:35:53,400 --> 01:35:55,040
And you know what?
I could.

1609
01:35:56,080 --> 01:35:59,600
Hey so I had I had 10 questions
for you today.

1610
01:36:00,360 --> 01:36:02,800
Wanted to guess as to how many I
was able to ask.

1611
01:36:03,560 --> 01:36:07,680
I'm like 3. 422. 2.
That's it.

1612
01:36:07,920 --> 01:36:10,400
That's not too much.
No, no, not at all.

1613
01:36:10,440 --> 01:36:15,440
No, it's good.
If I get through a a script and

1614
01:36:15,440 --> 01:36:19,320
I was only able to ask two of my
questions, it was a good

1615
01:36:19,320 --> 01:36:20,360
episode.
OK.

1616
01:36:20,640 --> 01:36:21,120
Thank you.
It was a.

1617
01:36:21,120 --> 01:36:22,760
Great episode, yeah.
Thank you.

1618
01:36:23,240 --> 01:36:28,200
All right, Terry, this has been
genuinely thought provoking and

1619
01:36:28,200 --> 01:36:31,080
I know our listeners are going
to have a lot to say about it.

1620
01:36:31,560 --> 01:36:34,920
Whether you walk away agreeing
with the Adair hypothesis or

1621
01:36:34,920 --> 01:36:38,400
ready to argue against it,
that's exactly what Project

1622
01:36:38,400 --> 01:36:42,640
White Rabbit is all about,
following the guide wherever

1623
01:36:42,680 --> 01:36:46,440
their rabbit hole leads.
Terry, thank you for being our

1624
01:36:46,440 --> 01:36:49,960
White Rabbit tonight.
Where can people find your book

1625
01:36:50,000 --> 01:36:52,680
and follow your work?
That's very nice.

1626
01:36:52,680 --> 01:36:55,320
I appreciate that so much.
It's been a real honor to share

1627
01:36:55,320 --> 01:36:57,120
it.
And I do what, you know, this is

1628
01:36:57,120 --> 01:36:59,400
how science works.
I, I, I, I want that.

1629
01:36:59,400 --> 01:37:02,120
Let's challenge these ideas.
Where can we take these ideas?

1630
01:37:02,120 --> 01:37:03,720
And that's, that's where good
science.

1631
01:37:03,720 --> 01:37:06,680
I have nothing to hide at all.
I'm putting it out there for

1632
01:37:06,680 --> 01:37:10,160
people to, to, to tear apart
like a, a wild dog.

1633
01:37:10,680 --> 01:37:13,040
So I can be found at a few
different places.

1634
01:37:13,040 --> 01:37:15,520
terryadair.com.
That's my author page,

1635
01:37:16,600 --> 01:37:19,720
terryadair.com.
Perfect.

1636
01:37:19,720 --> 01:37:22,800
And the book can be found on
Amazon.

1637
01:37:23,480 --> 01:37:25,120
I know not everyone's a lover of
Amazon.

1638
01:37:25,120 --> 01:37:27,400
It can be found on Barnes and
Noble and other places in hard

1639
01:37:27,400 --> 01:37:29,800
copy or hardcover and soft
cover.

1640
01:37:29,800 --> 01:37:35,600
And Kimball, I have the the
website that you just shared and

1641
01:37:35,600 --> 01:37:37,360
I'm really flattered that you
shared that because that's the

1642
01:37:37,360 --> 01:37:39,680
part that's nearest and dearest
to me that I want to get power

1643
01:37:39,680 --> 01:37:44,320
to the people who need it the
most is Fusion star project.org.

1644
01:37:44,320 --> 01:37:49,200
Just one word.
Fusion star project.org and the

1645
01:37:49,200 --> 01:37:53,160
actual book, and this is great
because it it does dissect the

1646
01:37:53,200 --> 01:37:56,800
where little Green men book can
be found at where are the little

1647
01:37:56,800 --> 01:37:59,800
greenmen.com?
So those are the three places I

1648
01:37:59,800 --> 01:38:02,440
can be found.
And Jeremy, that was nice of you

1649
01:38:02,440 --> 01:38:03,880
to share that.
I really appreciate that.

1650
01:38:03,880 --> 01:38:05,880
Thank you.
Yeah, no problem.

1651
01:38:06,640 --> 01:38:09,880
No problem.
Just setting up some stuff here

1652
01:38:09,880 --> 01:38:19,320
really quick.
All right, sorry, no problem.

1653
01:38:20,520 --> 01:38:23,160
That's going to do it for this
episode of Infinite Rabbit Hole.

1654
01:38:23,160 --> 01:38:25,400
If you enjoyed today's
conversation, do us a favor and

1655
01:38:25,400 --> 01:38:27,120
leave a review wherever you
listen.

1656
01:38:27,400 --> 01:38:30,840
It goes a long way in helping us
reach more curious minds.

1657
01:38:30,840 --> 01:38:34,560
Make sure you're subscribed so
you never miss an episode.

1658
01:38:34,640 --> 01:38:37,480
And if you want to go even
deeper down the rabbit hole,

1659
01:38:37,480 --> 01:38:41,720
check out my book UF Elmwood, a
cosmic piece of the UFO puzzle

1660
01:38:41,880 --> 01:38:43,480
available now wherever books are
sold.

1661
01:38:44,040 --> 01:38:46,800
Come find us on social media to
keep the conversation going.

1662
01:38:46,800 --> 01:38:50,000
And until next time, stay
curious, keep digging, and never

1663
01:38:50,000 --> 01:38:52,360
stop following the infinite
rabbit hole.

1664
01:38:52,760 --> 01:38:55,320
Thank you, everybody.
Terry, thank you very much.

1665
01:38:55,520 --> 01:38:56,200
Thank you.
Appreciate it.

1666
01:38:56,280 --> 01:38:56,880
All right.
Good night.

1667
01:39:02,880 --> 01:39:05,400
Hey everybody, thanks for
checking out the Infinite Rabbit

1668
01:39:05,400 --> 01:39:07,480
Hole podcast.
If you're looking for more of

1669
01:39:07,480 --> 01:39:10,680
our stuff, head on over to
infiniterabbithole.com where you

1670
01:39:10,680 --> 01:39:13,360
can find links to all the
podcast players that we are

1671
01:39:13,360 --> 01:39:16,880
available on and even our video
platforms such as TikTok and

1672
01:39:16,880 --> 01:39:18,760
YouTube.
While you're there, make sure to

1673
01:39:18,760 --> 01:39:21,760
check out all the links for our
socials and hit that follow so

1674
01:39:21,760 --> 01:39:24,840
you know when all the new stuff
from our podcast comes out.

1675
01:39:25,080 --> 01:39:28,720
And until next time, travelers,
we'll see you right here in the

1676
01:39:28,720 --> 01:39:31,240
next fork in the path of the
Infinite Rabbit hole.

1677
01:39:32,000 --> 01:39:32,240
Bye.