133. Split-Brain

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Split brain.
This is the title given to the

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research into whether each
hemisphere of the brain can

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learn independently from the
other a neurologic highway

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mending to two, hemispheres
called corpus.

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Callosum, was long, believed to
be a communication pathway that

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ultimately links.
The two sides together, making a

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cognitive individual known, as
you many experiments were

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trialled.
In order to essentially

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temporarily, shut down, our put
sleep, one hemisphere of rain,

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while directly study, Responses
to different stimuli in the

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other hemisphere.
Michael gazzaniga is well known

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as one of the leading
researchers in the field of

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cognitive neuroscience and has
spearheaded many branches of

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such studies on surprisingly.
One of these being split brain

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in his early studies at the
California Institute of

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Technology.
Gazzaniga worked with rabbits

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using a procedure in which he
injected an anesthetic into the

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left or right carotid artery,
which is the artery that is

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responsible for supplying blood
to left or right hemisphere of

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the brain.
Via the heart.

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This essentially induced sleep
in one side of the brain.

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While leaving the other half
awake in order to ensure

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neurological awareness
gazzaniga.

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Equipped, a piece of Machinery,
commonly known as an EEG to his

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rabbit subject.
And by teaching the rabbit to

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Blink when hearing a specific
sound.

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This test was finally ready.
Long story short, this propelled

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gazzaniga and his mentor.
Dr. Roger Sperry into many

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different experiments that
eventually led to surgically.

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Or separating two hemispheres of
looming.

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Human subjects leading to a
massive explosion of incredible

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knowledge about our
Consciousness.

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I'm sorry, both of our
consciousnesses.

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You heard me right Travelers?
Essentially, there are two of

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you one in the left hemisphere
of your brain, that we all are

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aware of.
This is what we know as us or

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you or me.
This is the side that is

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responsible for conversation and
other tasks that we rely on

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every day and then there's the
one on the right hemisphere of

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your brain.
Now that is and has been muted

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blocked and hidden away for your
entire life.

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You don't believe me good.
Let me help change your mind,

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welcome back, Tim's and Ravenel.
Welcome back to infinite Rabbit

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Hole, everybody.
I'm your host Jerry.

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And today we'll be diving deep
within ourselves to try to find

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out whether we share space
within our minds with a second

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Consciousness that we have never
met split brain.

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Research has been a touchy
subject for many within the

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realm of Neuroscience for the
better part of a century.

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And two parties have emerged
with different beliefs on the

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subject.
One that believes that we have

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not just one Consciousness but
to and with the trials and

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research that will soon dive
into, you may just join them in

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that belief.
The other party feels the

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opposite.
They feel that there is but only

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one Consciousness within our
cells.

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Now, before we dive down that
rabbit hole, let's first start

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off with the question.
What exactly is consciousness

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The Oxford living dictionary
defines Consciousness as the

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quote, the state being aware of,
and responsive to one's

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surroundings, quote, a person's
awareness or perception of

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something.
And quote, the fact of

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awareness, by the mind of itself
and the world, in other words,

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it is the ability to experience
feel.

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It is said that the
Consciousness can be broken down

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into three different elements of
experience, perception ideas and

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emotion.
Consciousness is also considered

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to be a purely natural or
biological phenomenon.

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Now in the 1940s, a group of
patients were the first to

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undergo a surgery that would
several large group of nerves

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that connect to the left and
right hemisphere of the brain

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called the corpus callosum.
The neurosurgeon in charge of

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that procedure was a man by the
name of William P Van Wagon.

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It dr.
Van Wagon was driven to conduct

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such surgeries due to a
realization that one of his

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epileptic patients was found to
have a tumor on his corpus

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callosum and is seizing events,
drastically.

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The good doctor would go on to
gather 26 willing severe

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epilepsy, patients to test the
sectioning of the corpus.

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Callosum, this would
theoretically remove the brains

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electrical impulses across the
hemispheres, that was now

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believed to listen, their
seizures post treatment of these

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patients by the neurologist,
Andrew J.

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Akalitus revealed that their
number of seizure events were

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drastically reduced without any
noticeable Behavior or cognitive

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changes.
This was an incredible fine as

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stayed in Cool literature for
many years, following the

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surgeries.
And the procedure would

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eventually be giving on title of
a comma sarada me.

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Now in Michael gives Anika's
book Tales from both sides of

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the brain.
He highlights his early years in

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a 60s as a graduate student at
Caltech when he was given the

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chance to perform post-care
experiments that he developed in

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his senior year at Dartmouth on
a man by the name of Bill

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Jenkins that he simply refers to
as W J in his report.

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So that is how I'll refer to
them as well.

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It was his responsibility.
Ability to assess the

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psychological and neurological
changes in WJ and it was his

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belief that he was simply going
to confirm the findings of an

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wagon and a colitis, which they
published that their patients

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saws 0 effects on the surgeries
other than the reduction of

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epilepsy episodes.
Now as a note, before we go any

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further with a groundbreaking
experiments with WJ by gazzaniga

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and Sperry, I feel that it is
important to explain a little

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bit about the brain self and
what we know about the two

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hemispheres.
In the 19th century.

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France, Physicians, Mark Dax all
broken discovered that the

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location.
The brain used for speech is

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located in the left hemisphere.
There are many things that the

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two hemispheres do differently.
A few of the differences are

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that the left hemisphere along
with speech is responsible for

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tasks such as Reading Writing,
listening math.

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Computations analyzing
information.

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Time awareness, sequence,
understanding logic reasoning

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and controls the right side of
the body.

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The right hand is fear, however
is nonverbal, but it is

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responsible for For organizing
information.

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Looking for context deciphering,
spatial information visual

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understanding, facial
recognition, emotion

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imagination, motion detection
and controls.

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Of course the left side it is
thanks to the corpus callosum

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that the two hemispheres are
able to communicate and share

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such information which leads to
you being able to do all the

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tasks.
I listed above and more for the

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topic of his gazzaniga initial
experiments.

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I find it extremely important to
understand that the right side

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of the brain, controls the left
side of the body.

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Including the eye and the
signals and sends rain.

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Vice versa for the right
hemisphere that we got that out

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of the way because Anika's
initial tests that he developed

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and used to test WJ consisted of
a few simple visual obstacles.

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A screen was placed in front of
WJ at close distance on the

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screen.
Gazzaniga place a small Dot and

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told WJ to focus on the dot for
only 100 milliseconds, a square

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flash on the screen to the right
of the dot signaling.

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The left side of the brain, when
asked what he saw.

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A WJ replied with nothing, I saw
nothing.

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Zanuck was shocked that the
answer was very excited when it

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was time to move on to the
second test.

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This time WJ would stare at the
same dot.

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Same distance and random dots
would appear in random places on

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the screen.
This task was to Simply point to

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the dots as they appear with any
hand that he felt fit to do the

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task.
When the experiment was

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completed, gazzaniga was even
more surprised to find that when

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the random Dots here, Right side
of the screen, the right hand

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troll by the left hemisphere, or
instead of dots in the same,

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went for the left side, the left
hand, okay?

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So this meant something
astronomical to, because the

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Anika this meant that the right
hemisphere was seeing the left

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side of the screen and without
the prompt of moving the hand to

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point at the object, with the
first experiment with a square,

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the right side, had no way to
communicate that it was seeing

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Square.
Remember the right hemisphere is

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nonverbal, but when you give the
The right side of tool to

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communicate with such as a
finger point is clear that it

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does.
In fact, see, and deciphers the

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info in front of the left eye.
Now I have to tease you all here

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and trust me this gets way
better going to stop here with

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gazzaniga and his experiments
with WJ.

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And we are going to first dive
into a little bit of history.

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And why gazzaniga was so
interested in conducting.

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These tests on human subjects
eventually disproving than wagon

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and akalitus has quote unquote.
All facts that he now believed

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may be false.
To be clear experimentations in

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the field.
The split brains did not start

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with gazzaniga in the 1950s, a
man by the name of Ronald Myers,

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who was working on his MD and
PhD at the University of Chicago

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began a similar project on the
Optics, in reference to a cat's

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brain.
As brains are wired slightly

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different than ours visual
signals from both eyes are given

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to both hemispheres of a cat's
brain simultaneously by way of

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having the singles blend
together in a section under the

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brain called the optic.
Chiasm Myers is goal was to

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sever this chasm, in order to
eliminate the ability for the

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two hemispheres to bowl seat and
put it information from both

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eyes by doing this, it would
create a brain that works more

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similarly to that of a human's.
But instead of the eyes,

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Crossing hemispheres with their
information, they would just go

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directly to their sites,
hemisphere meaning left.

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I left hemisphere right eye,
right in the sphere and by

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creating a brain that works
similar to that of humans.

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Myers would then be able to
prove that a prediction of his

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that the corpus callosum was the
driving influence of information

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sharing between hemispheres of
the brain.

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Why would you do that as well
back?

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Then, there were two major
parties in urologist that

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believe to separate facts about
the corpus callosum.

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One believed that it was the
informational Highway between

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the two hemispheres of the
brain.

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Talk about that one.
And the other led by a man, by

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the name of Karl Lashley, who
believed that?

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It was a structural part of the
brain and prevented the

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hemispheres from drooping Myers
plan to give the Cat with a

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severed Chasm of problem.
That if the cap reacted,

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normally that would mean that
the information from one I was

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being processed correctly in the
same with the other.

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We now with the chasm separate
he was certain that only one I

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was correlated with one side of
the brain.

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The Next Step was to sever the
corpus callosum and prove that

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the cat would act at normally to
the exact same problem.

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This would prove that the corpus
callosum was indeed the

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informational Highway between
the two hemispheres and

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knowledge structural support
Myers went on to conduct a Every

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on a cat's optic, chiasm, the
roof of its mouth and the

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science of physiological
psychology was never the same,

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dr.
Joseph, A Bogan was the first

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neurosurgeon post bandwagon and
surgeries to perform a complete

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Severance of the corpus
callosum, after performing

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practice runs on multiple
corpses, at his hospitals,

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Morgan the summer of 1960.
His first patient to receive a

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full sectioning of the corpus.
Callosum was a man with a

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life-threatening epileptic
conditioned by the name of Bill

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Jenkins whom we know as W J.
So now we're all caught up on

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the brief history lesson.
Let's jump back into the W.

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J trials.
Now that the initial tests with

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visual stimulations targeting,
the individual size of the brain

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done and some very exciting
discoveries were made.

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It was now time to dive deeper
into, well this actually meant

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so the next step was to begin
trials on other senses and what

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they landed on was tackling the
sense of touch first Now, it is

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important to understand that,
informational signals travel to

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the brain and it's hemisphere
slightly different with the

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sense of touch than it does with
eyesight details.

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Such as weight size shape
texture.

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Travel to the hands Associated
side of the brain just like in

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signals of sight left hand
right, Hemisphere and right hand

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left hemisphere.
But the simple knowledge that

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there is something in either of
your hands goes to both

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00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:32,900
hemisphere this of course, made
this particular set of Trials

231
00:12:32,900 --> 00:12:37,000
difficult to plan and conduct
Gazzaniga start off simple that

232
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:39,300
EJ was blindfolded, and give it
a simple object.

233
00:12:39,300 --> 00:12:42,800
In his right hand, when asked
what it was WJ, would break

234
00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:45,000
least eight, what was in his
hand.

235
00:12:45,100 --> 00:12:48,500
But when the exact same object
was swapped to the left hand

236
00:12:48,500 --> 00:12:52,200
later on, WJ confirmed that
there was something in his hand,

237
00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:55,700
but he had no idea what it was
the object.

238
00:12:55,700 --> 00:12:58,600
Was he?
Now this confirmed, the original

239
00:12:58,600 --> 00:13:01,600
visual test with the squares,
the right side of the brain had

240
00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:04,100
no way of telling the verbal
side of the brain, what it was

241
00:13:04,100 --> 00:13:07,100
feeling in this Hand.
But gazzaniga noticed something

242
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:11,300
remarkable WJ exhibited habits
that could be perceived as an

243
00:13:11,300 --> 00:13:14,600
attempt to communicate.
When the key was in W, J's left

244
00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:16,600
hand.
His fingernail, follow the

245
00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:18,100
grooves of the teeth.
On the key.

246
00:13:18,100 --> 00:13:21,600
Slid, his finger through the key
ring and drop the key, which

247
00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:23,700
left the key dangling below his
finger.

248
00:13:24,100 --> 00:13:28,000
And before WJ place the key
down, this handheld the key

249
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:31,100
correctly as if he was
attempting to use it a lot.

250
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,900
When gazzaniga asked of you J,
what he was doing with his left

251
00:13:34,900 --> 00:13:37,900
hand, WJ answered that he wasn't
doing anything at all.

252
00:13:37,900 --> 00:13:41,600
Just saying whatever it was
Morning to One Source.

253
00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:43,800
A second trial was then done in
response to.

254
00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:48,000
This is an ago, would visit WJ
at his house often and bring

255
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,400
various tests that narrowed down
the capacities of the different.

256
00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:55,600
Hemispheres, post, callosum
Severance, but one particular

257
00:13:55,600 --> 00:13:57,700
tests it out when I was doing my
research.

258
00:13:58,300 --> 00:14:00,600
Trust me.
If I went over all of them, this

259
00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:04,100
presentation would never end in
this particular trial, WJ was

260
00:14:04,100 --> 00:14:07,600
presented with large, wooden
blocks that were shaped sort of

261
00:14:07,608 --> 00:14:09,800
like, Legos.
Some had three pegs on the top

262
00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:11,200
and three.
Three holes on the bottom.

263
00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:15,000
Some had for some had one.
And excetera gazzaniga went on

264
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:16,700
to blindfolded subject and
place.

265
00:14:16,700 --> 00:14:18,300
One of these blocks and W J's.
Right?

266
00:14:18,300 --> 00:14:21,700
Hand the task was to be given
five seconds with the block.

267
00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:24,400
Take it away, makes it into a
pile.

268
00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,300
Other blocks and time, how long
it took for the subject, find

269
00:14:27,300 --> 00:14:29,200
the block again without visual
input.

270
00:14:29,900 --> 00:14:34,400
The right hand did very well out
of six blocks, WJ was able to

271
00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:37,200
find the block that was
previously in his hand and only

272
00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:42,200
about 12 seconds on average.
Surprisingly, the left-handed

273
00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:45,500
better by an average of almost
three seconds with the exact

274
00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:48,400
same task force.
This was repeated multiple times

275
00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:51,400
with varying time results in
both sides, winning their fair

276
00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:54,400
share trials.
But the absolute most amazing

277
00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:57,300
Discovery was found during the
first trial with his left.

278
00:14:57,300 --> 00:14:59,900
Hand went w.
J claim to not be able to find

279
00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:02,100
the block that he was asked to
find.

280
00:15:02,500 --> 00:15:06,300
He claimed to have no idea what
he could do to find something.

281
00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:09,100
He didn't know anything about
WJ.

282
00:15:09,700 --> 00:15:11,800
Angry.
But after only about nine

283
00:15:11,800 --> 00:15:15,900
seconds, he was holding the
correct blocking his hand while

284
00:15:15,900 --> 00:15:18,500
actively complaining that this
was a waste of time.

285
00:15:23,300 --> 00:15:27,200
In one Monumental trial is an
igneous @wj down and place the

286
00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:31,000
set of cose blocks which is a
sort of simple block puzzle in

287
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,900
front of both.
His left hand and his right hand

288
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:38,100
in my best description, cose
blocks or set of blocks with two

289
00:15:38,100 --> 00:15:42,100
sides painted, one color, two
other sides, painted another

290
00:15:42,100 --> 00:15:44,900
color and the remaining two
sides are paying half first

291
00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:47,400
color, and half a second color,
these colors are typically,

292
00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:50,300
white or red but have been
produced in almost every

293
00:15:50,300 --> 00:15:53,100
company.
The trial began with gazzaniga

294
00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:57,200
arranging a pattern using for
cose blocks in a two-block by 2

295
00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,500
block formation.
This was an incredibly simple

296
00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:02,900
pattern and was meant to be the
beginning of the trial.

297
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:07,100
There was no blindfold and no
restrictions on either hand to a

298
00:16:07,108 --> 00:16:10,100
surprise WJ is left hand, was
able to recreate the pattern

299
00:16:10,100 --> 00:16:12,500
that gazzaniga had created
almost instantly.

300
00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:16,500
While the right hand had
incredible difficulty with the

301
00:16:16,500 --> 00:16:19,900
seemingly simple task.
Over and over again.

302
00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:21,900
This played out almost exactly
the same.

303
00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:24,800
The right hand, which is powered
by the left, hemisphere of the

304
00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:28,900
brain hemisphere known for being
dominant in the essential was

305
00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:32,400
losing the race.
Most times not even finishing,

306
00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:35,500
sometimes having issues even
creating a two-by-two formation

307
00:16:35,500 --> 00:16:38,900
with the blocked on multiple
runs the right hand left the

308
00:16:38,900 --> 00:16:42,700
blocks in the 3x1 formation,
with the fourth block, under or

309
00:16:42,700 --> 00:16:45,800
above one of the three in a
straight line or simply putting

310
00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:47,700
them all in the four by one
line.

311
00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:52,300
This was truly impressive but
not only unbelievable.

312
00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:54,700
The right hemisphere of the
brain has been proven time and

313
00:16:54,700 --> 00:16:57,800
time again to be the PowerHouse
for complex puzzles.

314
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,500
This simply provided further
confirmation, someone else's

315
00:17:00,500 --> 00:17:03,300
previous science, but then the
second part of the experiment

316
00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:05,099
had, it's time to shine this
time.

317
00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:08,400
Instead of giving each hand the
same image to recreate using the

318
00:17:08,408 --> 00:17:10,500
coast blocks.
The hands were given their own

319
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:13,500
puzzles, separately at separate
times again.

320
00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:17,400
No restraints to Vision or the
non testing hand, the trials,

321
00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:20,300
began with the Right.
Hand during the first run,

322
00:17:20,300 --> 00:17:22,500
something became glaringly
clear.

323
00:17:22,900 --> 00:17:27,099
The left hand or the right
hemisphere of the brain wanted

324
00:17:27,099 --> 00:17:30,500
to help or so, it seemed she'll
the left hand.

325
00:17:30,500 --> 00:17:33,600
Literally would go in without WG
trolling it.

326
00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:36,500
Fix any issues at the right hand
was making with the pattern.

327
00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:40,800
Whoa, both WJ and gazzaniga over
shock.

328
00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:45,100
WJ was not only getting furious
that his body was acting

329
00:17:45,100 --> 00:17:47,900
completely without his control.
He was also beginning to get a

330
00:17:47,908 --> 00:17:51,700
little frightened.
The Next Step was to have WJ sit

331
00:17:51,700 --> 00:17:56,200
on his left hand into the trial,
this help, but still made the

332
00:17:56,208 --> 00:17:59,100
task difficult when the trial
was switched.

333
00:17:59,100 --> 00:18:02,000
To the left hand, the men did
not see the same response from

334
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,400
the right hand, the left
hemisphere of the brain behave

335
00:18:05,700 --> 00:18:08,200
and allow the right hemisphere
do its task.

336
00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:13,100
The last part of this experiment
involved operative teamwork

337
00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:16,400
between the two hemispheres of
the brain to recreate a slightly

338
00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:20,000
harder pattern made out of 16
blocks at a 4x4 formation.

339
00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:23,200
Want to guess what happened?
That's right.

340
00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,700
The two hands fought over
dominant control of the

341
00:18:25,700 --> 00:18:28,100
re-creation.
They both either change what the

342
00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:30,200
other had.
Just done by way of limitation

343
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,700
will block.
Or by removing a recently placed

344
00:18:32,700 --> 00:18:35,800
block from the formation all
together, the hands were even

345
00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:39,000
witness pushing the other one
out of the way and WJ.

346
00:18:39,200 --> 00:18:41,700
Was growing very much frustrated
by the situation.

347
00:18:42,300 --> 00:18:45,900
Eventually this got better fact
all the reactions both

348
00:18:45,900 --> 00:18:47,800
hemispheres became better
throughout all.

349
00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:51,500
Trials with repetition these
trials acted as exercise with

350
00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:55,000
brains neurological abilities
and sooner rather than later WJ

351
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:58,000
was functioning during the
trials, as if the surgery had

352
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:02,300
never happened and hemispheres
were working again, as one just

353
00:19:02,300 --> 00:19:05,700
not nearly as good as a fully
connected and undamaged, brain

354
00:19:05,700 --> 00:19:09,100
should do the same time.
I chose to skip the explanation.

355
00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:12,300
On this and will simply refer to
you to research the

356
00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:16,100
somatosensory system and how it
applies to help damaged brains

357
00:19:16,100 --> 00:19:20,100
recover, simple motor skills by
using the somatosensory senses

358
00:19:20,700 --> 00:19:23,800
and expanding on internal and
external stimuli as well as

359
00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:26,800
where the person's body is
perceived by these stimuli and

360
00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:30,300
physical space, I would just
like to point one thing out

361
00:19:30,300 --> 00:19:33,600
about somatosensory system, so
it's not confused as a solution

362
00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:37,300
to the next portions problem.
And that is that this particular

363
00:19:37,300 --> 00:19:40,500
system relies on the sense of
touch Such as its primary source

364
00:19:40,500 --> 00:19:43,800
of information gathering.
And with such info, we can make

365
00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,000
a decent guess to the answer of
a problem.

366
00:19:46,300 --> 00:19:50,300
Good, let's move on after the
trials, with WJ at Caltech.

367
00:19:50,300 --> 00:19:52,500
Another patient of the
sectioning of the corpus,

368
00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:55,500
callosum procedure which shine
light on new, and deeper

369
00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:58,300
information about the two
brains, and communication

370
00:19:58,300 --> 00:20:01,300
between 20 Severance view
patient.

371
00:20:01,300 --> 00:20:05,700
Dr. In the 1980s, a woman
referred to as Dr. Would be one

372
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:08,500
of gazzaniga is first subjects
in his new digs at Dartmouth.

373
00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:11,800
Right from the get-go.
Dr. Showed critical new

374
00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:13,600
information about the
relationship between the

375
00:20:13,608 --> 00:20:16,500
hemispheres of the brain and how
even though they can sometimes

376
00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:19,800
argue like siblings about what
the correct formation of color

377
00:20:19,800 --> 00:20:22,700
boxes.
They can also act like a team

378
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:27,500
when it comes to problems when
one or the other blacks all or

379
00:20:27,500 --> 00:20:30,100
some of the abilities to solve
set problem.

380
00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:34,100
The first example of this was
with a similar screen setup,

381
00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:37,100
like the early experiment, with
the shapes flashing on different

382
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:41,100
sides of the screen aiming to
Cific Lee Target one, hemisphere

383
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:45,400
the time, same concept but this
time instead of shapes it was a

384
00:20:45,408 --> 00:20:49,300
number one through nine
targeting the left, hemisphere

385
00:20:49,300 --> 00:20:52,700
with the right eye.
The response was fast as normal

386
00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:55,700
as you would expect a reaction
to be the left.

387
00:20:55,700 --> 00:20:59,000
Eye was similar but also
noticeably different.

388
00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:01,900
Although the response is quick,
it seemed as the higher number

389
00:21:01,900 --> 00:21:04,900
was, that was flashed to the
left eye for the right

390
00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:07,300
hemisphere the longer it took to
respond.

391
00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:12,200
In fact, during observation of
this new obstacle, it was found

392
00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:15,300
time measured between each
increasing number was almost

393
00:21:15,300 --> 00:21:19,200
exactly the same.
What I mean is that if we use

394
00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:23,100
the example saying that, let's
say the difference in the time

395
00:21:23,100 --> 00:21:25,800
it takes for the patient to
recognize the number two or

396
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:28,700
number one was exactly a half of
a second.

397
00:21:29,700 --> 00:21:32,500
By following that pattern, the
difference between recognizing

398
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:35,800
the number 3 and 2 was an
additional half of a second.

399
00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:39,100
The difference between three and
one would be a whole second.

400
00:21:39,900 --> 00:21:42,300
So the time that the patient
would take to recognize the

401
00:21:42,308 --> 00:21:46,200
number 9, it would have been
four whole seconds before the

402
00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:48,200
Patient responded with their
answer.

403
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:52,200
This was incredible and only
meant one thing.

404
00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:55,400
The two separate hemispheres of
the brain were communicating

405
00:21:55,400 --> 00:21:58,000
when the left, I was looking at
the number on the screen for the

406
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:02,100
right hemisphere.
But I wasn't communicating what

407
00:22:02,100 --> 00:22:04,700
salts or left hemisphere, so
that the patient could speak the

408
00:22:04,700 --> 00:22:07,200
answer.
The answer turned out to be head

409
00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:10,000
knots.
Each half second was represented

410
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:14,100
by the slightest of head nods.
Now this may not sound like it,

411
00:22:14,100 --> 00:22:16,500
this was huge.
This meant that the right

412
00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:19,600
hemisphere was taking in
information from the left eye.

413
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:23,500
Non verbally communicating to
the left hemisphere by way of a

414
00:22:23,508 --> 00:22:26,400
morse code of sorts.
Without the left hemisphere

415
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:29,400
recognize another body was
moving at all or that.

416
00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:32,200
Was any communication going on
between the hemispheres?

417
00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:35,200
The right hemisphere was using a
tool.

418
00:22:35,700 --> 00:22:38,500
It was recognizing the lack of
ability to communicate.

419
00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:41,400
It was adapting to solve a
problem by way of using the

420
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:44,300
patient's body.
As a tool to have its voice

421
00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:48,100
heard in response.
Is immediate goal was to further

422
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:50,800
the research with the numbers by
eliminating, the numbers portion

423
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:53,100
replacing with something that
could not be counted.

424
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:55,300
The purpose was to try and take
away the option for the

425
00:22:55,300 --> 00:22:58,900
hemispheres to communicate using
the head nods, the first trial

426
00:22:58,900 --> 00:23:02,100
began with Has Annika asking Dr.
To hold out her hands, parallel

427
00:23:02,100 --> 00:23:04,700
to the ground and in front of
her body while holding a fist.

428
00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:08,200
The command was then given to
make a hitchhiking signal this.

429
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,200
Of course, being the symbol
thumbs up the left hemisphere

430
00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:15,300
reacted to the command quickly
and correctly as predicted, then

431
00:23:15,300 --> 00:23:17,000
the command was given to do the
same.

432
00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:20,000
With the left hand.
Same quickness was witnessed

433
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,000
with the correct answer.
The next part of the trial was

434
00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:25,300
the swap.
The order of hands performing, a

435
00:23:25,308 --> 00:23:29,100
new command, the okay signal was
requested before him by the

436
00:23:29,100 --> 00:23:32,300
left.
First, the okay, single being

437
00:23:32,300 --> 00:23:36,200
the hand opened up with only the
pointer and thumb touching tips.

438
00:23:36,700 --> 00:23:40,700
The left hand could not perform
this task, the hand motion like

439
00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:43,900
it wanted to try, but but had
not the slightest clue what to

440
00:23:43,900 --> 00:23:47,400
do when the command was given to
the right hand though, the task

441
00:23:47,400 --> 00:23:50,300
was completed quickly and
correctly without hesitation.

442
00:23:51,100 --> 00:23:55,000
Then when re asking the left
hand to do the signal, it act

443
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:58,300
quickly and correctly.
After the right hand at already

444
00:23:58,300 --> 00:24:01,300
performed a correct answer.
Sir, this meant that the left I

445
00:24:01,300 --> 00:24:04,400
was being used by the right
hemisphere to mimic the actions

446
00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:06,600
right hand to get the correct
answer.

447
00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:10,500
The next step was simple.
Yeah, the blindfold the VR and

448
00:24:10,508 --> 00:24:13,000
asked her to perform another
signal with her left hand.

449
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:16,500
First again, unable to perform a
task.

450
00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:19,800
He moved on to request the same
from the right-hand who

451
00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:23,500
performed it fast correct.
Then when he followed up with

452
00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:26,700
requesting, the left hand, to do
the signal, a left hand

453
00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:27,900
remained.
Unable to do.

454
00:24:27,900 --> 00:24:30,900
It was requested the right.
His fear was no longer getting

455
00:24:30,900 --> 00:24:35,300
the visual inputs 2, cheats way
to Victory after the Dr. Trials

456
00:24:35,300 --> 00:24:38,500
had begun to new patients were
discovered and willing to be

457
00:24:38,500 --> 00:24:42,000
part of these trials.
Angie was a bright young woman

458
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,300
of unknown age and lb was a 12
year.

459
00:24:44,308 --> 00:24:46,900
Old boy would become the
youngest-ever, be studied as a

460
00:24:46,900 --> 00:24:50,300
split brain patient.
Both patients were incredibly

461
00:24:50,300 --> 00:24:53,200
bright and suffers from severe,
epileptic episodes.

462
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,400
Prior to the surgery.
Both also had incredibly

463
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:59,300
unharmed, right, hemispheres of
the brain that were not seen.

464
00:24:59,500 --> 00:25:03,100
In previous patients, do tears
of repetitive life-threatening.

465
00:25:03,100 --> 00:25:06,500
Epileptic events.
These two would be the first to

466
00:25:06,500 --> 00:25:09,000
really tell the world.
Something about what really goes

467
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:11,200
on in.
Everyone's head Angie's.

468
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:14,400
First trial was an advanced one
compared to Prior trials, and

469
00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:17,900
focus almost exclusively with
the right hemisphere as it was,

470
00:25:17,900 --> 00:25:20,800
well, proven that the left
hemisphere was typically normal

471
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,300
for the most part in patients,
post-surgery life.

472
00:25:23,500 --> 00:25:25,400
The real questions were with the
right Hemisphere.

473
00:25:25,900 --> 00:25:28,700
And with these trials, the true
mysteries of our mind finally

474
00:25:28,700 --> 00:25:30,700
found an opportunity.
Unity to unravel.

475
00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:35,300
From this point on dr.
Roger Sperry of a very close

476
00:25:35,300 --> 00:25:39,200
friend and mentor to Michael
gazzaniga would insert himself

477
00:25:39,700 --> 00:25:43,900
into gazzaniga as work and
provide the Boost that the real

478
00:25:43,900 --> 00:25:46,900
strangest need to shine.
Now to be clear, Roger Sperry

479
00:25:46,900 --> 00:25:50,000
working parallel with Michael
gazzaniga, had his own trials

480
00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:53,500
going on and I highly recommend
you guys go and check those out

481
00:25:53,500 --> 00:25:57,400
because those are amazing.
I for this particular subject I

482
00:25:57,400 --> 00:26:00,000
chose the follow Michael
gazzaniga because I really

483
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:05,300
enjoyed this book But in order
for time, kind of cut out, Roger

484
00:26:05,300 --> 00:26:10,300
Sperry, but by all means, check
his stuff out really good.

485
00:26:10,300 --> 00:26:16,500
Ol, the trials ran by that dr.
Roger Sperry the trials began

486
00:26:16,500 --> 00:26:19,200
with NG in the search for a
personality in the right

487
00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:21,700
hemisphere of the brain.
Angie was set up like the

488
00:26:21,700 --> 00:26:24,400
subjects before her with a dot.
In the middle of the screen.

489
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:27,800
This first test was one that was
set up more as a warm-up before

490
00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:32,600
the real personality trial began
but much like Others it became

491
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:35,400
yet.
Another very important fine on

492
00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:38,600
each side of the dot, a word
with flash to a particular eye

493
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:41,600
which would again intern grasp,
the attention of the opposite,

494
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:44,900
hemisphere of the brain.
On each side of NG there were

495
00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:48,200
random objects place that match
the words that would be flashed

496
00:26:48,200 --> 00:26:50,700
on the screen.
The task was simple.

497
00:26:51,100 --> 00:26:55,300
Read the word allow out and with
the same side hand search for

498
00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:59,300
the object, matching the word,
without looking at the group of

499
00:26:59,300 --> 00:27:03,000
objects.
The first, Word up was flashed

500
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:06,900
the right, I remember this.
The left hemisphere and with

501
00:27:06,900 --> 00:27:10,400
NG's right hand, she was able to
find the Styrofoam cup.

502
00:27:10,400 --> 00:27:13,900
A respectable amount of time.
The next word was ball.

503
00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:17,500
It was being flashed, the left
eye, or the right Hemisphere,

504
00:27:18,300 --> 00:27:21,900
and G, simply stared and never
said the word out loud.

505
00:27:22,400 --> 00:27:25,600
Well, her left hand, found the
ball and was holding.

506
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:29,200
It is Anna, get asked her to
read the word, and she replied

507
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:33,000
that there was no word read.
Then he followed up the question

508
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:34,400
then, what are you holding your
hand?

509
00:27:35,500 --> 00:27:40,100
Which NG replied surprisingly
that she she didn't know if you

510
00:27:40,100 --> 00:27:41,900
do, there's something she
doesn't know.

511
00:27:41,900 --> 00:27:44,400
She actually seemed really
shocked that there was anything

512
00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:46,500
in her hand, like he had just
snuck in there.

513
00:27:47,700 --> 00:27:50,200
When given the permission to
look at her hand and she was

514
00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:52,400
visibly.
Shocked to see that she was

515
00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:55,700
holding a ball, but then she did
something strange.

516
00:27:56,300 --> 00:27:59,300
She created a nonchalant
reaction to the situation and

517
00:27:59,300 --> 00:28:02,200
simply said, that she was always
a fan of baseball.

518
00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:06,200
Now, for those of you that know,
How the brain works.

519
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:09,600
This is a very natural reaction.
Brain when it has a lack of

520
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:11,900
information, it kind of just
fills in the gaps.

521
00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:15,200
And this is actually one of the
issues that we as researchers,

522
00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,800
and 40 and subjects actually
have to deal with quite a bit.

523
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:20,700
This is something that we have
to keep in mind when we're

524
00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:23,700
dealing with things, such as
Bigfoot, more on that later.

525
00:28:24,400 --> 00:28:28,000
Now, gazzaniga had evidence of
what we know as lizard brain

526
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,400
being witnessed.
And then G, many people believe

527
00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:33,300
that lizard brain is something
that we unknowingly do in

528
00:28:33,300 --> 00:28:35,100
reaction to witnessing an
extreme event.

529
00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:38,300
Tis true.
But the broader definition is

530
00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:42,200
defined by which Nary.com is
quote, any part of a person's

531
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:45,800
psyche or personality dominated
by instinct or impulse rather

532
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:49,000
than rational thought you would
expect NG to be shocked or

533
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:52,000
possibly even scared that she
was completely unaware of the

534
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,600
fact that her left hand reach
for something matching

535
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:57,400
description of where that she
didn't see without her even

536
00:28:57,400 --> 00:28:59,100
noticing.
But instead of her left, brain

537
00:28:59,100 --> 00:29:02,200
attempted to explain it as
something non-threatening with a

538
00:29:02,208 --> 00:29:05,400
simple statement that failed to
capture the magnitude of Of the

539
00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:08,000
act or any emotion behind her
findings.

540
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,500
This led nicely into the main
part of the trial this time.

541
00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:14,400
And she was sitting in front of
the same screen, and as a

542
00:29:14,408 --> 00:29:18,200
picture of something popped up,
she was instructed to say what

543
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:22,600
it was she was seeing as
predicted anything that appeared

544
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,900
before the ride.
I was quickly met with the

545
00:29:24,900 --> 00:29:28,600
correct response and as
predicted, the object being

546
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:30,900
shown to the left.
I was met, but nothing but a

547
00:29:30,908 --> 00:29:35,100
blank stare and no verbal
response until a picture.

548
00:29:35,300 --> 00:29:39,000
It was flashed on the screen.
In order to induce a reaction by

549
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:42,900
NG's nonverbal, right brain.
This picture was a lewd picture

550
00:29:42,900 --> 00:29:45,900
of a woman and it flashed on the
screen and gazzaniga asked her

551
00:29:45,900 --> 00:29:49,100
what she saw.
She replied nothing but then she

552
00:29:49,100 --> 00:29:53,700
smiled and the smile turned into
a smirk which turned into a

553
00:29:53,700 --> 00:29:57,300
short of giggle or chuckle.
A response gazzaniga asked her

554
00:29:57,300 --> 00:30:00,300
why she was laughing.
And then Jesus response was that

555
00:30:00,300 --> 00:30:02,800
she thought the screen in front
of her was a funny Contraption.

556
00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:05,400
He had successfully communicate
with the Right.

557
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:08,700
Brain without the left brain.
Noticing the response of her

558
00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:13,100
trouble was a direct response to
a newly created inside joke,

559
00:30:13,100 --> 00:30:16,700
between gazzaniga and NG's other
Consciousness.

560
00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:20,700
During these trials, there were
many other experience being

561
00:30:20,700 --> 00:30:23,300
performed animals.
In the attempt to understand

562
00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:26,500
more about each side of the
brain and what made each

563
00:30:26,500 --> 00:30:28,900
hemisphere and individual
Consciousness.

564
00:30:29,500 --> 00:30:32,900
The first trial I thought was
important to mention was one

565
00:30:32,900 --> 00:30:36,600
that gazzaniga had performed on
chimps with a A student from NYU

566
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,400
by the name is Alan Gibson.
This particular trial was

567
00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:42,500
determine if the two hemispheres
had individual traits and in

568
00:30:42,500 --> 00:30:47,100
this experiment, if focus on
tastes, the hypothalamus is the

569
00:30:47,100 --> 00:30:49,500
part of the brain that
determines our eating behaviors

570
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:53,200
reference.
The Taste texture quantity are

571
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:57,800
all examples of our hypothalamus
has influences and your desire

572
00:30:57,800 --> 00:30:59,100
for food.
Among other things.

573
00:30:59,100 --> 00:31:03,400
Such as body, temperature, heart
rate and your mood located at

574
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,100
the base of the brain, the
experiment.

575
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,000
Was to damage the left side of
the hypothalamus and watch for

576
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:10,100
changes in The Chimps habits
with Foo.

577
00:31:10,900 --> 00:31:13,300
Sure enough.
Turns out the right hemisphere

578
00:31:13,300 --> 00:31:16,700
didn't fat favor food that were
not typically favored by the

579
00:31:16,700 --> 00:31:20,400
animal prior to the experiment.
A trial with another graduate

580
00:31:20,400 --> 00:31:23,300
student, by the name of JD
Johnson was stages determine at

581
00:31:23,300 --> 00:31:25,200
The Chimps.
Right hemisphere would show

582
00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:27,700
another personality trait
jealousy.

583
00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:30,700
The task was to push a button
with his right hand.

584
00:31:31,100 --> 00:31:32,900
When seeing the number one on
the screen.

585
00:31:33,900 --> 00:31:37,500
The only other option was the
number zero, which would not

586
00:31:37,500 --> 00:31:41,100
give a tasty reward, no
blindfold was used so that the

587
00:31:41,100 --> 00:31:43,100
right hemisphere would witness
the test.

588
00:31:43,400 --> 00:31:46,400
The chimp learned to push the
button every time.

589
00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:49,600
The number one was on the screen
and in return, the tree would be

590
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:52,200
forfeited over as a reward to
the left hemisphere.

591
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:56,600
If ad press the button during a
zero, there would be no treat.

592
00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:00,000
The twist was that the chimp had
to get two correct answers.

593
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:04,600
In order to get that tree, This
was inserted into the test to

594
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:08,800
teach the champ that pushing the
button on the Zero would have a

595
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:10,700
negative effect.
Instead of a neutral.

596
00:32:10,700 --> 00:32:14,200
One ultimately discouraging the
act of pressing the button on

597
00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:18,100
zero, the task went on for a
while and after an undisclosed

598
00:32:18,100 --> 00:32:21,300
amount of time, an eye patch,
was placed over the right eye,

599
00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:24,400
removing the left hemisphere
from the game leaving the right.

600
00:32:24,400 --> 00:32:28,200
Hemisphere of the only active
participant of the next task.

601
00:32:28,900 --> 00:32:31,900
The button was then switched
over to the left hand and the

602
00:32:31,900 --> 00:32:35,200
game began.
But this time no treat was given

603
00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:38,100
for what was perceived by the
chimp as a correct answer.

604
00:32:38,900 --> 00:32:42,500
And in response to Chimp got
angry, the chimp ultimately gave

605
00:32:42,500 --> 00:32:45,500
up and even trying without
realizing that if it had just I

606
00:32:45,508 --> 00:32:48,400
pressed the button during a 0.
It would have then realized that

607
00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:52,700
the roles is game had slightly
chain game was then, given back

608
00:32:52,700 --> 00:32:56,800
to the left hemisphere and the
flow of treats continue, then

609
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:01,300
the left hand slap right hand
and jealousy.

610
00:33:01,700 --> 00:33:04,100
I've been discovered and the
separate hemisphere.

611
00:33:07,700 --> 00:33:10,400
With the events of the last test
still fresh in his mind because

612
00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:13,400
Anika and ministered.
Another interesting test in the

613
00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:17,200
trials on patient and G in Santa
Barbara California.

614
00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:21,300
So Angie was given a similar
test with ones and zeros which

615
00:33:21,300 --> 00:33:25,800
rewarded Angie would either the
word right or wrong depending on

616
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,500
if she got the answer correct or
not be on the change in a

617
00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:31,300
reward.
The only other difference was at

618
00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:34,000
the right hemisphere was not
allowed to see the game being

619
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:37,300
played why?
Because instead of looking for

620
00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,500
Jealousy this time they were
looking for the ability to learn

621
00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:42,300
separately from the left
hemisphere.

622
00:33:42,900 --> 00:33:46,400
So the left eye was covered with
an eye patch and the right eye

623
00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:48,900
was left to learn the same game
as the chimp.

624
00:33:49,300 --> 00:33:52,600
Click the button, when the one
Flash and G's lamps left

625
00:33:52,600 --> 00:33:55,100
hemisphere was rewarded with the
word record flashing on the

626
00:33:55,100 --> 00:33:58,100
screen.
Click the button during a zero

627
00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:02,500
and she was admonish with the
word wrong or is it did not take

628
00:34:02,500 --> 00:34:04,900
very long for NG to catch on to
this game.

629
00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:07,900
And so it quickly became time
for the right hemisphere to step

630
00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:10,300
up to the plate.
But this time the right

631
00:34:10,300 --> 00:34:12,100
hemisphere was only roared over
the word.

632
00:34:12,100 --> 00:34:14,500
Correct when shown the number
zero.

633
00:34:15,500 --> 00:34:17,400
This, of course, did not take
long either.

634
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:21,800
The next task was to remove the
eye patch all together and Flash

635
00:34:21,800 --> 00:34:25,900
different numbers on each far,
side of the screen at the same

636
00:34:25,900 --> 00:34:28,100
time.
That only the peripherals were

637
00:34:28,100 --> 00:34:30,900
targeted.
Ultimately leaving, no chance

638
00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:32,699
for the other eye to see what
was going on.

639
00:34:32,699 --> 00:34:36,100
In the other hand, this for
side, Angie was given a button

640
00:34:36,199 --> 00:34:40,000
in both hands and the test was
activated both hemispheres began

641
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,900
successfully playing their own
games just as they did when they

642
00:34:42,900 --> 00:34:45,400
were playing with the other eye
blindfold.

643
00:34:45,900 --> 00:34:49,400
The Next Step was the flash, the
numbers at separate intervals,

644
00:34:49,699 --> 00:34:51,900
and watch to see if both
hemispheres would continue

645
00:34:51,900 --> 00:34:54,400
playing their own games when not
being asked to do.

646
00:34:54,400 --> 00:34:57,800
So, at the same time, this was
is done by showing one on both

647
00:34:57,800 --> 00:35:00,200
sides of the screen.
The right hand will push the

648
00:35:00,207 --> 00:35:03,700
button, and the left hand would
not both sides, would show the

649
00:35:03,700 --> 00:35:04,400
word.
Correct.

650
00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:07,900
This repeated with ones and
zeros and the proof that the two

651
00:35:07,900 --> 00:35:10,800
sides of the brain can learn
completely separate from each

652
00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,200
other, and perform separate
tasks independently from each

653
00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:18,000
other was proven to be true.
This was Monumental.

654
00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,800
We had just proven that.
There is another consciousness

655
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:26,700
Like in many different studies
throughout history, there are

656
00:35:26,700 --> 00:35:29,800
subjects or data points referred
to as outliers.

657
00:35:30,100 --> 00:35:33,700
And the case of patient, PS
teenage boy from Vermont and

658
00:35:33,700 --> 00:35:36,700
outlier in the studies of split
brains would finally appear.

659
00:35:37,700 --> 00:35:40,600
This was not a typical outlier.
Instead of being a typical

660
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:42,900
unimportant useless.
Data point caused by many

661
00:35:42,900 --> 00:35:46,500
different possible variables.
PS had an exceptionally smart

662
00:35:46,500 --> 00:35:50,700
right hemisphere Is Right.
Hemisphere was so smart and not

663
00:35:50,700 --> 00:35:54,700
only could he see a printed noun
such as apple with his left eye,

664
00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:59,000
or right Hemisphere and point
out a picture of the word but he

665
00:35:59,100 --> 00:36:01,500
can also read a command and
acted out.

666
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:05,800
This has never been done before
in led to one of the most

667
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:08,300
incredible discoveries in the
history of Neuroscience.

668
00:36:09,300 --> 00:36:11,600
After removing the left
hemisphere from the conversation

669
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:15,600
the right hemisphere was given
Scrabble letter blocks it was

670
00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:17,800
soon found that the silent
weaker.

671
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:22,000
Dumber, less Advanced right.
Hemisphere was not that at all

672
00:36:22,900 --> 00:36:27,300
silent.
Yes, but dumb, we less Advanced.

673
00:36:28,100 --> 00:36:31,300
Absolutely not. the right
hemisphere would spell out

674
00:36:31,300 --> 00:36:34,900
answers with Immaculate spelling
the right hemisphere of knew the

675
00:36:34,900 --> 00:36:37,800
name of the person that shared
with the left hemisphere but

676
00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:40,800
past that one question all
answers were completely

677
00:36:40,800 --> 00:36:44,700
different from the answers given
by left hemisphere there for

678
00:36:44,900 --> 00:36:48,600
showing that each hemisphere and
the Consciousness associated

679
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:54,200
with them showed individuality
Michael gazzaniga coined term.

680
00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:57,500
Now used to describe a
phenomenon in which the left

681
00:36:57,500 --> 00:37:00,800
hemisphere unknown Lee attempts
to interpret the emotions

682
00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:03,500
actions reactions to stimuli
targeted to the right.

683
00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:07,500
Hemisphere is an ago refer to
this as The quote/unquote

684
00:37:07,500 --> 00:37:10,600
Interpreter in.
This was in reaction to a

685
00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:13,400
plethora of different
observations made During certain

686
00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:16,200
tests.
One such test was to give the

687
00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:19,300
right hemisphere of PS, a
command such as stand up.

688
00:37:20,100 --> 00:37:23,400
PS would then stand up.
And when asked why he stood up,

689
00:37:23,500 --> 00:37:26,400
he asked his left hemisphere
were interpret the action by

690
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:28,700
saying that he felt like
stretching.

691
00:37:30,400 --> 00:37:33,900
Another such test was given to a
female patient referred to as VP

692
00:37:34,100 --> 00:37:36,600
and when she was shown a
dramatic scene in which, a man

693
00:37:36,600 --> 00:37:41,400
was pushed into a fire to only
her right hemisphere in response

694
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,600
to her right hemisphere acting
out to the shocking footage.

695
00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:48,400
VP began sweating breathing
heavier and was unable to stand

696
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:50,600
still.
When asked what was wrong?

697
00:37:50,600 --> 00:37:53,400
She replied.
I know I like dr.

698
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,500
Gazzaniga right now, I am very
scared of him.

699
00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:00,000
The Superstar.
Right brain?

700
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,000
Yes.
Had one more really big

701
00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:06,200
Discovery up its sleeve.
Is Annika and his undergrads

702
00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:10,100
discovered just nearly two years
after PS is called awesome

703
00:38:10,100 --> 00:38:12,200
section.
Surgery that the right

704
00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:15,800
hemisphere was discovering the
power of speech.

705
00:38:16,900 --> 00:38:20,500
The right hemisphere began by
giving simple stuttered, yes-no

706
00:38:20,500 --> 00:38:25,600
answers but soon evolved into
confident one word answers to

707
00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:29,100
even complex questions.
This was discovered during a

708
00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:32,400
trial which two separate objects
were shown to each hemisphere.

709
00:38:33,300 --> 00:38:36,600
When asked what they were, they
were surprised at the answer of

710
00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:40,500
orange followed immediately by
the word Apple.

711
00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:44,300
After a picture of an apple was
shown to the verbal left

712
00:38:44,300 --> 00:38:48,200
hemisphere and an orange was
shown to nonverbal, right?

713
00:38:48,200 --> 00:38:51,600
Hemisphere.
This test was then repeated

714
00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:55,700
multiple times as an exercise
shorts and eventually, whatever

715
00:38:55,700 --> 00:38:58,000
was shown to the right
hemisphere was confidently.

716
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:02,000
Vocalized by the right brain.
This would prove true in other

717
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:05,100
patients as well, but much much
slower than yes.

718
00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:09,100
One thing that seemed to catch
PS up when it came to answering

719
00:39:09,100 --> 00:39:11,900
was a question, are the images
the same?

720
00:39:11,900 --> 00:39:14,700
This question was always met
with an answer of?

721
00:39:14,700 --> 00:39:18,200
I don't know, even after each
hemisphere answered their

722
00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:21,700
individual image correctly, This
proved that there was still no

723
00:39:21,700 --> 00:39:25,600
communication happening between
the hemispheres by way of

724
00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:28,600
neurons and the sectioning was
still present.

725
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:33,500
Throughout the years, there have
been many that have stepped up

726
00:39:33,500 --> 00:39:36,000
to the plate to dismiss.
The split brain, theory of

727
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:40,100
there, being two separate
intelligent Consciousness has in

728
00:39:40,100 --> 00:39:43,100
every brain.
I mean, let's be honest.

729
00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:46,700
It is extremely unsettling to
think that there could possibly

730
00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:49,600
be a second you inside of your
head.

731
00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:53,600
Someone that you have never met
that just goes along for the

732
00:39:53,600 --> 00:39:58,100
ride day in and day out someone
who sees what you do and knows

733
00:39:58,100 --> 00:40:02,200
your reasoning behind them.
Donald and Valerie McKay were

734
00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,800
two of such that wish to dismiss
the claims that gazzaniga Sperry

735
00:40:05,800 --> 00:40:09,200
and many others associated with
the massive study that span

736
00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:11,800
decade.
It would seemingly begin the

737
00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:14,900
rebuttals by the scientific
Community with an article on

738
00:40:14,900 --> 00:40:18,400
their findings in the well-known
scientific journal Nature.

739
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:22,200
Among many others, another
nature article by an

740
00:40:22,200 --> 00:40:24,700
up-and-coming neuro psychologist
named Justine.

741
00:40:24,700 --> 00:40:28,600
Sergeant reiterated her study
with JW where she studied the

742
00:40:28,600 --> 00:40:30,100
reaction time between
hemispheres.

743
00:40:30,400 --> 00:40:33,700
In the brain and acknowledging.
If the letter being shown was a

744
00:40:33,700 --> 00:40:37,700
consonant or a vowel, I read
through a few articles about

745
00:40:37,700 --> 00:40:40,900
these journal entries and from
what I can see, both parties had

746
00:40:40,900 --> 00:40:43,500
decent points.
But ultimately was gazzaniga is

747
00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:47,000
response to these articles.
That I personally like the most

748
00:40:47,100 --> 00:40:50,000
he explained that what these and
many other publish articles

749
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,800
failed to understand was that
through their Decades of

750
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,200
research in the subject, the
discovery of minut tips that one

751
00:40:56,200 --> 00:40:59,900
side of the brain will give the
other in order to help out such

752
00:40:59,900 --> 00:41:01,700
as the The head nod mentioned
earlier.

753
00:41:02,100 --> 00:41:04,800
The explanation went further by
comparing the two hemispheres of

754
00:41:04,808 --> 00:41:08,500
the brain to that of a long-term
friendship or partnership on

755
00:41:08,500 --> 00:41:11,000
most occasions counterparts will
be able to tell you what their

756
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:13,500
friend or partner is thinking
before they say anything.

757
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:16,500
Now, add that the two
hemispheres have been working

758
00:41:16,500 --> 00:41:18,800
together towards one goal.
Since the day that they were

759
00:41:18,800 --> 00:41:21,100
born.
Is it really hard to believe

760
00:41:21,100 --> 00:41:24,500
that one hemisphere couldn't
predict in some way what their

761
00:41:24,500 --> 00:41:26,700
counter atmosphere is thinking
or going to do?

762
00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:33,900
With all said and done there.
Remains great evidence that

763
00:41:33,900 --> 00:41:37,500
there are in fact, two different
Consciousness has living within

764
00:41:37,500 --> 00:41:42,200
every whole brain.
Dr. Roger whoa, cots Perry would

765
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:45,400
go on to be the Nobel Prize
recipient for physiology and

766
00:41:45,400 --> 00:41:49,500
Medicine in 1981 for his
incredible work and discoveries

767
00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:52,600
and split, brain research.
You find this to be an

768
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:55,500
interesting topic.
I recommend taking your own Deep

769
00:41:55,500 --> 00:41:58,700
dive into the work that has been
done with split brain, patients

770
00:41:58,700 --> 00:42:02,200
for decade. there are many
sources on this subject and the

771
00:42:02,200 --> 00:42:05,600
evidence does, in fact weigh
heavily towards us, sharing our

772
00:42:05,600 --> 00:42:09,200
mind with a roommate that we
have never met So, what do you

773
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:12,000
think, Travelers?
I'll leave you here to think

774
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:15,800
about that.
Until next time, we crack open,

775
00:42:15,800 --> 00:42:18,300
our next case, from The Archives
of the infinite Rabbit Hole.

776
00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:20,200
See you guys.
Bye.